Parasites of Man.
211
Experiments.—These are of two kinds, as referring either to the larvæ or to the full-grown worm. The larvæ were first reared by Herbst (1850) and the adult worms by Virchow (1859.} These results were subsequently verified and extended by Leuckart, Clans, Küchenmeister, Pagenstecher, and many others abroad; and they were confirmed by Thudichum and myself in this country. The worm-feedings administered by Prof. Simonds and myself infected four dogs, two cats, one pig, one guinea pig, one hedgehog, and probably several rats which, unfortunately, made their escape.
Remarks.—The original discovery of the capsules, as "little bodies" or "concretions," was made either by Tiedemann, (1822,) or by Peacock (1824.) Their parasite character was first indicated by Hilton (1833.) The actual discovery of the worm was first made by Paget, (1834,) and afterwards scientifically named and described by Owen (1835.) The most brilliant discovery of all was that of Zenker (1860.) He it was who demonstrated that migrating Trichinæ were productive of disease (Trichinosis.) Finally, the most complete account of the migrations and structural changes undergone by the worm are due to Leuckart.
Literature.—Althaus, Essay on Trichinosis, 1864; Boehler, Die Trichineukrankheit in Planen, 1863; Gerlach, Die Trichinen, 1844; Cobbold, On the History of the Discovery of Trichina spiralis in Supp. to "Entozoa," 1860; Idem, Experiments, Proceedings Linn. Soc., 1867; Leuckart, Untersuchungen neber T. spiralis, 1866; Luschka, Zeitschrift für Wissenseh. Zool., 1851; Owen, in Zool. Soc. Trans. 1835; Pagenstecher (and Fuchs.) Die Trichinen. 1865; Thudichum, Government Report "On Parasitic Diseases," &c., 1845; Virehow, Darstellung der Lehre yon den Trichinen (u.s.w..) 1864; Zenker, Zur Lehre von der Trichinenkrankheit, in Deutsches Archiv f. Klin. Med., Bd. VIII, and in Virchew’s Archiv., 1533.
26.—Trichecephalus dispar, Rudelphi.
Syn.—T. hominis, Goeze; Tricharis, Buttner; Asceris trichiura, Linn.
Larvæ:.—Küchenmeister and Meissner supposed that Trichinæ were the young of Trichecephalus, This view was controverted by Virehow.
Int. Host——Unknown. The experiments of Davaine render it probable that infection takes place in a direct manner some time after the eggs have escaped the human bearer.
Experiments.—Davaine finds that dryness does not destroy the ova, and that a period of six mouths elapses before embryonic formation commences. The embryos will live for many years in the freed eggs.
Remarks.—The Dublin helminthologist, Bellingham, was one of the earliest to attest the frequency of the whipworm in Great Britain, He found it in eighty-one out of ninety post mortem examinations. Davaine has stated that not less then half the Parisians ave victimised by this worm. Mr. Cooper, of Greenwich, found it present in eleven out of sixteen autopsies. Either this worm or its congener (infesting ruminants) has been anatomised by Dujardin, von Siebold, Mayer, Eberth, Erasmus Wilson, Busk, Bastian, and myself.
Lit.—Bastian, in Philos. Trans., 1866; Bellinghamm, in Dublin Journal, 1838; Busk, in Annals Nat. Hist., 1841; Cobbold, in}}
