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WILLIAM JAMES, The Varieties of Religious Experience. 245 571). After this come word-formations through sound-reduplica- tion, and through synthesis. Our complaint is once more of the small number of examples given. They are practically all taken from Indo-European languages, and more especially from modern German. We have too little space left for more than the vaguest indica- tion of the contents of the second half volume. It is divided into four chapters, the first of which treats of the different kinds of words substantive, adjective, verb, pronoun, etc. and their various forms (number, gender, case). The second deals with the interconnexion of words in the Sentence. The third is on the alteration of meaning of words and idioms, and is a con- tribution to what Dr. Postgate would call Rhematology, and what Prof. Breal writes about under the name of Semantics. The fourth chapter discusses the origin of Speech, and the main types of theories that have been devised to account for it. Wundt's own theory is evolutional, and postulates the continuity of evolu- tion. It is eclectic, and borrows from the previous theories (those of inter jectional, imitative, and fortuitous vocal sounds) the un- doubted facts which they erred only in selecting as the exclusive basis for a doctrine of origin. To ask whether speech or reason came first is, for Wundt, as absurd a question as that famous conundrum about the hen and the egg. F. N. HALES. The Varieties of Religious Experience : a Study in Human Nature. Being the Gifford Lecture on Natural Religion Delivered at Edinburgh in 1901-1902. By WILLIAM JAMES, LL.D., etc., Corresponding Member of the Institute of France and of the Royal Prussian Academy of Sciences, Professor of Philosophy at Harvard University. Longmans, Green & Co., London, New York and Bombay, 1902. THIS is not an easy work to review. The greater part of it is taken up with records of actual religious experience, mostly of abnormal kinds remarkable cases of conversion, of exceptional saintliness, of religious exaltation and mystic insight. That the book is one of the highest interest, that extraordinary industry and research have been employed in collecting these records from the religious literature of all ages and faiths, that Prof. James's comments upon them are characterised by all his accustomed charm of style, vivacity and open-mindedness, is unquestionable. Nor can there be any doubt that it was well worth while to under- take such a task. They will at least be valuable as materials for Psychology and Philosophy, whatever may be thought of the use which Prof. James himself makes of them. It is good that philoso- phers should be reminded that there are sides of human nature