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PHILOSOPHICAL PERIODS M.S. 427 express a diversity are, when referred not to the objects objectively compared but to the ideas which underlie the comparison, evident, mid therefore true and right". This part of the polemic is less convincing ; though Schumann is undoubtedly right in rejecting the evidence for the perceptual theory that has been found in Stadelmann's hypnotic experi- ments. A discussion of the eye-movement theory is promised at a future date. The paper ends with a summary, the principal points of which are : the dispensableness of a memory image in judgments of comparison ; the introspective warrant for the secondary impressions of ' cutting off,' of expansion and contraction, and of absolute impression of si/.e ; and the reference of the geometrical optical illusions to judgment rather than to perception. ] R. Mueller. ' Zur Kritik der Verwendbarkeit der plethys- mographischen Curve fur psychologische Fragen.' [An elaborate investi- gation into the physiological conditions of theplethysmographic curve; and its variations, intended to cast doubt upon the psychological deductions especially of Lehmann and Wundt. Part i., on the instrument and the single-volume curve, traces the history of the pleth^'smograph, indicates sources of error, and sharply distinguishes the pressure -curve of the sphyginograph from the volume-curve of the plethysmograph (Fick, von Kries). Part ii., on the periodic oscillations of the volume-curve, treats particularly of the Traube-Hering waves and the Mayer oscillations, while it also points out the appearance and characteristics of stimulus- waves and oscillations due to interference. The paper is soberly written,, and keeps clear of polemic : it is a valuable addition to the literature of the subject.] R. Saxinger. 'Dispositions-psychologisches iiber Gefiihls- complexionen.' [(1) The author raises the questions whether feelings may exist side by side in consciousness (' coexistent ' feelings), whether they must fuse to a total feeling ('compound' feelings), whether both form& of complex feeling are found, according to circumstances, what is the nature of the total feeling, etc. Two preliminary sections deal with the dependence of feeling on the content of idea, and with the induction of change in affective disposition by feeling. (2) He proceeds to show,, logically and by examples, that feelings may exist side by side in the same consciousness. This proposition holds when all weight is allowed to explanation in terms of ideated feeling (Vorstelluny eines Gefdhls) and of Meinong's Phantasiegefuhle, processes psychologically intermediate between idea and feeling proper. (3) More than this : the fusion of partial feelings to a total feeling, so generally maintained in the psy- chologies, cannot be substantiated. Lehmann's principles of causation and association break down when closely examined. The analogy of the underlying complexions (Complexionsvorstellungen) leads, when fully carried out, to results diametrically opposite to those first suggested. The doctrines of affective compensation and of affective reinforcement can readily be harmonised with the law of coexistence. (4) Positive intro- spection confirms the argument : Wundt's instances of doubt and of common feeling are really cases of coexistence. (5) Kibot's theory of abstraction and Elsenhaus' of generalisation of the feelings must now be remodelled to fit the facts.] L. W. Stern. ' Der Tonvariator.' [Im- proved form of the author's blown bottle instrument for the production of continuously changing tones. See Zeit., xi., 1895, 4.] W. von Zehender. ' Zur Abwehr einer Kritik des Herrn Storch.' [Reply to- criticism of the author's articles of 1899 and 1900, which explained various illusions on the basis of Volkmann's observation that lines which appear parallel really diverge from below upwards.] Literaturbericht. Bd. xxxi., Heft 1. C. Rieger. ' Ueber Muskelzustaiide.' [First part of a paper in which the writer seeks to prove the thesis that "die Muskeln