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TRUTH AND CONSEQUENCES. 87 ambiguous or one in which it is false. Indeed, on page 359, where he ascribes to the pragmatist the sweeping conclusion that " the use- less is untrue," Mr. Schiller seems to go much farther than I for one could ever have expected towards admitting everything for which I have contended in my McGill University Magazine article, as well as in the more recent paper in the Philosophical Review, in which I have attempted a more formally complete exposition of my present views. The tone of Mr. Schiller's criticism, however, un- fortunately, is such as I cannot pass over without some comment, inasmuch as it contains what to my mind amounts to a serious imputation upon my personal honour. That Mr. Schiller should take the opportunity of the publication of my book to repeat the articles of his belief and to advertise once more the existence of his own sect is a proceeding to which I can have no right to object, but when he goes on to accuse me in plain terms of having made ex- tensive borrowings from the special views of his friends and then so concealed the conveyance of their property that the sources of my plunder are only allowed to be indicated in one or two passages, ' apparently by an oversight,' as he charitably conjectures (loc. cit., p. 355), I feel bound, as an honest man, to repudiate the charge with some warmth, all the more as Mr. Schiller clearly does not mean to be offensive, and is apparently unconscious that his con- troversial methods are such as to give serious ground for offence to a scrupulous mind. I must therefore take this opportunity to make some reply at least to the opening paragraphs of Mr. Schiller's attack. And first I desire to state as plainly as I can, and in such a way that any disproof of my statement will justly expose me to the charge of deliberate untruth, that the "pragmatist" doctrines were never in my mind throughout the composition of my book, except in the one or two passages where they or their champions are directly and unambiguously referred to either in the text or in the accompanying notes. Nothing was farther from my mind than the production of an anti-pragmatist partisan manifesto. Nor had I any notion at the time of writing that I should subsequently be led by the accident of my presence in Montreal into taking any more direct share in the controversy. No reader of my book who has observed my treatment of authors to whom I am really under an obligation, such as e.g. Prof. Eoyce, will, I hope, lightly hold me guilty of the miserable meanness which appears to be imputed to me by Mr. Schiller. Next I must examine the particular instances of alleged borrow- ing brought forward by Mr. Schiller. In doing so, I think I shall have little difficulty in showing that they all fall into two main classes. Some of them are commonplaces of philosophic thought, the peculiar property of no particular sect or school, and in more than one case, as ancient as Plato and Aristotle. Others are mere misapprehensions, where a sentence by isolation from its context is made, unintentionally of course, to wear a " pragmatist " guise,