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568 NEW BOOKS. illuminative, not operative"; the Church, he argues, is compelled to admit the crowd, and the crowd will never be all saints ; over and against the scandals he sets " the actual practice of the Christian law in a multi- tude of homes," and " the heroic life of God's chosen servants ". These compensating facts, he complains, are overlooked by historians, careful purveyors of scandals from unimpeachable sources, while "for every three words written the threescore are left unwritten that are needed to set the three in their place ". It has been said on Aristotelian principles that "the final cause of civilisation is the production of the small band of thinkers who illuminate each generation ". Mr. Devas says : " To produce Christian saints is the supreme task of mankind ". And he believes that the happiness and ennoblement of men on earth varies directly according to the zeal with which they devote themselves to that task. The thesis will never command the assent of the general reader nor of many philosophers. But as no man is satisfied with the present deplorable estate of mankind, Mr. Devas may be allowed a hearing for a cause which he pleads with earnestness, and with the erudition to be expected of a man of his standing as a writer on social questions. Our one complaint against the book is that, treating as it does of so general a theme, one has to regret in it a certain absence of detail, as in a photo- graph of a distant and extensive landscape. The reader must enlarge for himself. JOSEPH BICKABY. Truth and Falsehood in Religion. Six Lectures delivered at Cambridge to Undergraduates in the Lent Term, 1906. By WILLIAM R. INGE, M.A., D.D. London : John Murray, 1906. Pp. 176. Price 3s. 6d. In this little volume the philosophical is subordinate to the theological and religious interest. Dr. Inge does not attempt to define the ideal of religion by the help of speculative discussion ; the standard tacitly assumed is Christianity liberally conceived. Here " all the faculties, intellect, will, and feeling are disciplined and consecrated to their highest uses ". The first two lectures treat of the " Development of the Religious Consciousness " and "Falsehood in Religion". The writer points out that most of the errors into which religion has fallen are "errors of disproportion, of one-sided development". In a lecture on " Faith and Fact " Dr. Inge criticises the tendency to bring the intel- lectual aspect of experience under the dominion of the volitional and emotional aspect. He dislikes the New Apologetic which bases faith on value-judgments, and thinks that if thought is made the mere servant of will "there is no extravagance of credulity to which we may not fall a prey ". Still, at the close of a somewhat inconclusive discussion of the Miraculous, the writer hints that the traditional view has a claim on our acceptance because it gives better support in our trials. Here he him- self tends to fall back on the ' working-value ' of an idea as a test of its truth. In the chapter on " The Religion of Christ " Dr. Inge urges the fundamental importance of the idea of the Logos ; the last lecture treats of some " Problems and Tasks ". Occasionally one may question a statement of the author's, as when he ays of the Johannine Christ, " the deep congruity between this portrait and those of the Synoptists has long ago been settled by the Christian consciousness " (p. 133). But on the whole the lectures are admirably adapted to the purpose for which they were written. They show clear- ness of thought and breadth of view, as well as sound psychological insight. G. GALLOWAY.