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NEW BOOKS. 131 Grundriss der Geschichte der Philosophic, zum Selbststudium und fur Vorlesungen. Von Dr. JOHANNES REHMKE, Professor der Philosophic zu Greifswald. Berlin : Carl Duncker, 1896. London : Williams & Norgate. Pp. 308. Dr. Rehmke's Outlines furnish a concise, and at the same time wonder- fully clear, presentation of the history of philosophy, ancient and modern. He has been able, more effectively than the average historian, to efface his own personality, and, in sketching the growth of philosophical doctrine, to avoid anachronous or irrelevant criticisms. His view of philosophy is expressed in a single page of Introduction, as the Universal or Fundamental Science, whose subject is the " world in general," and whose aim is to determine the significance of "reality as a whole in its universal characteristics ". With so general a view no fault can be found, nor does it appear to exclude from the history of philosophy any of the problems or authors usually suggested by the name. As is natural, Kant is accorded more space than any other philo- sopher, and the treatment of him is both full and just. Is it necessary, however, to use such a term as " kriticistisch " ? The exposition of the individual doctrines of each writer is systematic and clear, while the relations of successive thinkers to their predecessors are well brought out. English Philosophy of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries receives very adequate treatment. History, how- ever, does not go beyond Schopenhauer and Lotze. It is not bio- graphical, and there are no references to particular passages of the works discussed, an omission which is due, probably, to consideration for the class of students for whom it is designed. J. L. M. Vie Schopfung des Menschen und seiner Ideate. Em Versuch zur Versohnung ewisch^en Religion und Wissenschaft. Von Dr. WILHELM HAACKE. London : Williams & Norgate, 1895. Pp. 484. The development of human ideals is referred to the same fundamental tendency which, according to the author, governs biological development in general, ' the tendency to equilibrium '. All organisms tend to re- cover equilibrium when disturbed, and their whole development is in the direction of increased equilibrium. This is for the author equivalent to more perfect unification. On the biological side he takes great pains to explain and illustrate the general conception which forms for him the key to human life, and the reconciliation between science and religion. For him all nature is animated, and it is impossible to draw a sharply denned line between the mental characteristics of a highly developed human being and those of other organised or unorganised individuals. The ideal of a rock crystal is a certain material configuration, and the ethical ideal of a man is a certain line of conduct. The striving after the ideal is in both cases a tendency towards equilibrium. The book is suggestive. La Filnsqfia Scientiftca del Diritto in Inyhilterra : Studio Storico-critico. Del Dott. GIACOMO LAVIOSA. Parte i. : da Bacone a Hume. Torino, 1897. Pp. 850. Although professing to deal only with the philosophy of law this is in fact the first instalment of a complete history of moral philosophy in Great Britain, chieny as represented by utilitarian thinkers, but by no means to the exclusion of other schools. The author, who is a professor