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H. HOFFDING, Geschichte der neueren Philosophic. 399 seems to me the most valuable aspect of his work. Speaking as a student of philosophy, I hold that the category of causation is, metaphysically speaking, a relatively superficial category of what Mr. Bradley would call the world of " Appearance," and that the categories of Meaning go very much deeper into the heart of the Real than any psycho-physical or other causal explanations can ever do. Hence I regard our author's analyses as concerned with the descriptively psychological aspects of the really most vital truths about mind ; and when I say that he seems to me mistaken in regarding his psychological theories as concerned with mental causation proper, I desire only the more earnestly to insist that his account of consciousness seems to me to describe, so far as that is possible, something far deeper than mental causation, and to give us what, for philosophical purposes, is much more impor- tant than causal explanation. In the last analysis Reality is not causally explicable, and causal explanation is nothing ultimately real. On the contrary, the Real is essentially something that has meaning ; and the best account that we can give of it will always be teleological. Hence an Analytic Psychology, in our author's sense, can only gain in wealth by declining to undertake to pay the debts of causally explanatory psychology. As for the latter, its realm will always be psycho-physical ; its methods will be those of socially verifiable inductions about the laws of human nature ; and it will make little, in the long run, of " mental activity " ; while, in its turn, " mental activity," if interpreted as a name for the significant structure and process of consciousness, viewed as a fact, will refer to something much nearer to the absolute reality than is the world of psycho-physical appearance. Herewith must close this inadequate effort to distinguish in general between what arouses my dissent and what calls forth my assent in this strong, independent, and extremely subtle treatise. There remains very much interesting detail, into which I cannot here enter. May these volumes find the readers that they so well deserve. JOSIAH ROYCE. Geschichte der neueren Philosophic. Eine Darstellung der Geschichte der Philosophie von dem Ende der Renaissance bis zu unseren Tagen, von Dr. HAKALD HOFFDING. Ins Deutsche iibersetzt von F. BENDIXEN. Band II. Leipzig : O. R. Reisland, 1896. London : Williams & Norgate. Pp. 677. DR. HOFFDING closed the first volume of his History of Philosophy with Rousseau and the French Illumination ; he begins the second with a short book on the German Illumination and Lessing, after which he proceeds to Immanuel Kant. Next he