Page:Mind (New Series) Volume 6.djvu/596

580 PHILOSOPHICAL PEEIODICALS. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY. Vol. viii., No. 3. W. B. Pillsbury. ' The Reading of Words : a Study in Apperception.' [An elaborate investigation of the processes involved in the reading of words flashed upon a screen. Value of letters, by form and position ; value of letters shown by disfigurement ; value of length and form of word as suggesting a word. Association between letters ; association of word to total impression ; value of preceding suggestion, preceding word of series, succession of exposures of same word, preceding work of hour or day, general disposition, knowledge of method. Struggle between peripheral and central factors in recognition. Special value of total word suggestion. Analysis of Wundt's scheme of intellectual classifica- tion ; criticism.] Minor Studies from the Psychological Laboratory of Stanford University. Communicated by F. Angell. i. M. A. Tucker. ' Comparative Observations on the Involuntary Movements of Adults and Children.' [Hands and arms resting before the body tend to move inward, towards the median plane. When we see an object we do not necessarily tend to move towards it. Involuntary movement may be directed by vision, presented or represented. Children show no sex or age differences : they are governed bj r the same laws as adults.] Minor Studies from the Psychological Laboratory of Cornell University. Com- municated by E. B. Titchener. xn. ' A Study of Certain Methods of Distracting the Attention.' i. F. E. Moyer. ' Addition and Cognate Exercises : Discrimination of Odours.' [A distraction must be con- tinuous, capable of gradation, and uniformly applicable. Addition, writing words of a sentence backwards, spelling words backwards, and even translating into another language and then writing backwards, do not fulfil these conditions. Odour series offer some prospect of success.] xiii. E. B. Talbot. ' An Attempt to Train the Visual Memory.' [Experiments by two forms of the methods of reproduction. Good results.] Psychological Literature. Notes and News. REVUE PHILOSOPHIQUE. April, 1897. F. Le Dan tec. ' Pourquoi 1'on devient vieux (l er art.).' [The growing old of unicellular organisms and of plants.] F. Pillon. ' La philosophic de Secretan. 11. Morale.' [Doctrine of conscience as the will of God working in us who, as being His creatures, are consubstantial with Him. Solidarity of the race as the motive of charity, the fundamental virtue.] J. Soury. ' La ther- mometrie cerebrale.' [Account of Mosso's recent researches, which are held to confirm current views.] L. Dugas. ' Le Sonimeil et la cerebra- tion inconsciente.' A. Fouillee. ' Comte et Kant.' Analyses et comptes rendus, etc. May, 1897. Mouret. 'La Notion mathematique de Quantity.' [Quantity is whatever can become part of a sum or be considered as sum of parts. This definition is introduced and justified by a previous analysis of the nature of addition and subtraction.] F. lie Dantec. 'Pourquoi Ton devient vieux (2 er art.).' [Old age in animals and man. Due to the accumulation of solid or " skeletal " bye-products of vital process.] J. Philippe. ' Sur les transformations de nos Images men- tales.' [Experimental. The subject is given an object to handle. With- out seeing it he then draws a copy of the visual image which it calls up. He is afterwards called, after the lapse of some days, to draw a copy of the image as he then retains it. Three kinds of transformation occur. The image either tends to disappear or becomes more precise, though altered in form, or approximates to the general type of the class to which the object belongs.] Ch. Fere. ' Les perversions sexuelles chez les animaux.' Notes et documents. Analyses et comptes rendus, etc.