Page:Mind (New Series) Volume 8.djvu/264

250 CKITICAL NOTICES: 2, the feeling (Us affectifs) ; 3, the intellectual ; 4, the active ; 5, the resolute (les volontaires) ; 6, the balanced. The first is a. type of the temperaments. The second contains, as its species, the remaining three the sensitive, emotional and passionate. The second, third and fourth genus are the popular types of the man of feeling, the man of thought, and the active man. We have thus a synthesis of the two popular classifications. But how does the first type conform to the author's principle ? What is ! predominant in the apathetic man ? He sins by deficiency of all ' the mental functions, not by excess of any. Nor, as the name implies, can the balanced show any such predominance ; but our author contends that the very equipoise in which it consists is a " kind of dominant character," l and if Will is predominant in the resolute, as a mode of conation, we should expect this type to be subordinated to the genus activity instead of co-ordinated with it. In the author's treatment of the intellectual genus, we realise the straits to which his principle confines him. Every type of the temperaments must be excluded from it, because in them feeling controls thought. But one species of the intellectual is the dilletanti, and there is no incompatibility between it and the sanguine ; the superficial and versatile intellect of the one seems admirably adapted to the superficial and versatile emotions of the other. And in the passionate type, is there an essential incom- patibility between its ardour of desire and the intellectual life ? M. Malapert is aware that there are men who are possessed of a genuine passion for knowledge. They are one of his admitted species. But, he protests, they are not to be confused with the passionate, properly so called, " their purely intellectual passion " having particular effects of its own.- And with regard to the apathetic, as many writers have maintained that the intellectual life is destructive of emotion, M. Malapert, whilst denying the general law, is constrained to admit the possibility. 3 The intellectual man is sometimes, through deadness to emotion, an apathetic. The active type presents unusual difficulties. For is there not an activity of thought and are not the intellectual eminently active ? No ; as M. Malapert understands the term the popula: sense in which the active man is opposed to the man of thought they are not. But he also understands by the term ' activity ' a universal mental function and in this sense they are. In this type we find " a natural and ceaselessly renewed tendency for action ". And, like M. Ribot, he both regards it as based on the predominance of a universal function, yet having this con- tracted outlet that those who belong to it " live above all exter- nally ". 4 With regard to their feelings they are like the sanguine, to whom they " sometimes approximate," " expansive and mobile,' and inclined to look at things on their pleasant side ; but tha 1 P. 208. 2 P. 235. 3 P. 283. 4 P. 235.