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410 NEW BOOKS. comparing the present retinal impression with the visual memory of him, which exists preserved in a special area of the brain ') ; an extreme view is taken about ' partial memories ' without reference to such objec- tions as are raised by Pitres ; no mention is made of Bastian's arguments against the unilateral ' view of writers like Dc'-jerine, and so on. But with a certain amount of modification and with some additions made to it, this would be a very useful book. T. L. Ethics and Reliyioii : A Cnlli i-i'nm nf A'.vn/x //// .s'/V .lului .sVWci/. Dr. Felix AMi'i; Mr. 1 1'. M. Salter, Prof. H. Sidgwiek, I'm/. (';. Gizjicki, Dr. B. Jfosaiiijurt, .1/r. Ltialit St'-jilirn, Dr. Strinton Coil and Prof. J. H. Muirhead. Edited by the Society of Ethical Pro- pagandists. London : Sonnenschein, 1900. Pp. ix., 324. This is a volume of addresses delivered for the most part ten years ago when the ethical culture movement was new to this country, and they serve to show what the scope of the movement was in the view of its leaders at that time. The addresses are all, it is needless to say, full of enthusiasm for human good, and some of them contain valuable philo- sophical ideas. Their faults are probably due to the fact that they are pioneer work ; they are too polemical and too vague. Mr. Leslie Stephen is the worst offender in the former respect. He gives us pungent criticism where we should prefer construction. The reproach of vagueness will be removed, let us hope, in a later series. At present we are strongly ex- horted to be virtuous, but do not get much instruction in the art of virtue. No propaganda, ethical or otherwise, is much helped by generalities. Ci-iiiii' a ml Ci-iniiiitilx. By J. SANDERSON CHBISTISOX. London : "Williams & Norgnte, 1899. Pp. 177. This is a small work on Criminal Anthropology by an American doctor. It is in the main a reprint of a series of articles written by the author a few years ago to an American newspaper. These articles generally deal with some notorious criminal whose case was arresting public 1 at- tention at the moment. . Dr. Christison's method is to examine the physical and mental characteristics of the individual criminal, and to look upon the crime as the result of these characteristics. Some of these characteristics are inherited and some are acquired and punishment as at present practised so far from repressing or eliminating these char- acteristics as a rule intensifies them. The book contains no new ideas but it contains what is often more useful a fresh collection of facts. All these facts go to show that the problem of crime is only a branch of the social problem in its entirety and that the way to diminish crime is by improving the general conditions of the social organism. Dr. Christison's book will be useful as a means of popularising a more reasonable con- ception of crime and the character of the criminal population. '/'.'/ .Win-nix nl' Sniriili . By Rev. J. GURNHILL. London : Longmans, Green & Co.' London, 1900. Pp. x., 227. The author approaches his subject '-from the standpoint of a Christian Socialist," and discusses it in its "moral and religious aspect," declaring that its social aspect is <; of course dependent " on the former. His book requires no comment from a philosophic point of view, save that even from his own the wrongness ol suicide is not proved, but only assumed, by calling it 'sell-murder'.