Page:Mind (New Series) Volume 9.djvu/445

PBBIODH |.<l Apart from reminiscent consciousness the time series has no existence.] Bastion Schmid. An* dcm Seelenlehen der Insekten.' [Favourable comparison of Wasman's work with those "evolutional " p,-clml who rush into anthropomorphic interpretation in their eugenic establish kinship between the human and animal mind. Most IK of animals are explicable by association, though rudiments of Conception ...ml .ludgmcnt am also present.] C. Siogel. ' Versuch einer empiric tischen Darstellung der raumlichen Grnmlgebilde und geoiuetri Gnnulbegriffe mit bosonderer Riieksicht auf Kant und Ilehuholtz.' [Criticises Kantian doctrine. Kant's first two arguments, which are meant to show that space is a priori, really show that it is a concept and not an intuition, and his last two, which are meant to show that it is not a concept, really show that it is not " />i-im-i. but empirical. Account of the formation of geometrical concepts by the idealising of perceptual experience. In the idealising process a decision is made between alternatives which perceptual experience leaves open because it is not exact enough to select one rather than another. The alterna- tives selected by the Euclidean Geometry are the most simple and con- venient. But others are possible. The space in which physical process takes place may belong to a non-Euclidean type. All that experience shows is that within the limits of observation it cannot be distinguished from Euclidean space. The article concludes with a criticism of Helm- holtz's position.] PHILOSOPHISUHES JAHEBUCH. Bd. xii., Heft 3. I. Straub. ' Kant und die naturliche Gotteserkenntniss.' [This is the first of two papers, in which the writer, after noting that Kant's division of the proofs of God : s existence into Ontological, Cosmological and Physico-theological, is inadequate, admits that the Ontological proof is worthless, but defends the Cosmological proof. Kant's argument is vitiated by his false con- ception of a cause as a synthetical <i priori idea, and his exposition of the proof a mere caricature. His attempt to reduce it to the Ontological proof shows that he never understood it.] E. Rolf. ' Moderne Ankla- gen gegeu . . . Sokrates, etc.' [In conclusion, the writer, with certain limitations, upholds the high morality of Aristotle, and his doctrine of God and the soul. Plato is wrongly accused of Pantheism, and was a strong believer in the soul's immortality. And Socrates, though his systematic scepticism makes him at times speak doubtingly of God and the soul, may be proved by decisive passages to have believed in both.] I. Bach. ' Zur Geschichte der Schatzung der lebenden Krafte ' (con- eluded). [The writer expounds Newton's conception of space as the im- mensity of God, maintained by Clarke against Leibniz, and goes through the various phases of the controversy. Newton's idea of a tempits abto- lutum (apart from movement; was also contradicted, and eternal time shown to be a contradiction in tenns.J J. Mausbach. Zur Begriffsbe- stimmung des sittlichen Gutes.' [Whether moral goodness consists in its being a progress towards happiness, is a question in debate between the writer, who denies, and Dr. Cathrein, who affinns it. In this, the first of two papers, Dr. Mausbach proceeds to show that his opinion agrees with that of Aquinas and Suarez. All morality consists in doing the will of God, independently of the happiness which results therefrom.]