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NEW BOOKS. 127 to their causes. In discussing "the dual functions of the brain" for example, he points out how little significance is to be attached to the statements of patients with " double personality " as to the seat of con- sciousness. " The insane are quick to catch at new scientific notions to explain their delusions. Complaints of being electrified and magnetised against their will have long been common. . . . In a similar fashion the medical superintendents of asylums will hear many whimsical appli- cations of the conception of the dual functions of the brain should it become popularised " (pp. 344-45). Fichte's Science of Knowledge. A Critical Exposition. By CHARLES CARROLL EVERETT, D.D., Bussey Professor of Theology in Harvard University ; Author of The Science of Thought. (" Griggs's Philosophical Classics".) Chicago : S. C. Griggs & Co., 1884. Pp. xvi., 287. Of this book (which, though issued earlier, has reached us later than the last volume of the series, noticed in MIND, Vol. x. 469) the first chapter (pp. 1-17) is biographical, the last (c. xiii., pp. 274-287) critical, all the rest expository. The author's point of view is indicated in the remark that Kant "may be regarded as the Julius Caesar, as Hegel was the Augustus of modern philosophy" (p. 22). The exposition of Fichte is founded chiefly on the IVissenschaftslehre, but reference is made to his other writings, " sufficient, it is hoped, to show the relation which the results reached in this work bear to his system as a whole". The author holds that " the so-called earlier and later systems of Fichte " are " the cornple- mental elements of a single system ". " The great difference between them is found in the fact that, in his earlier works, Fichte started from psycho- logical analysis, and moved toward an ontology ; in his later works, he started from the ontology, and based his psychology directly upon this " S. 269). Not only did Fichte's dialectical method prepare the way for egel, but in part his system was " wrought out with a skill that could not be surpassed". It is Hegel, however, "who makes us feel ourselves most really in the presence of the master of a constructive dialectic". On the other hand, there is more of moral inspiration in Fichte. "Hegel remains the master in the world of thought ; Fichte, in that of life." Outlines of Practical Philosophy. Dictated Portions of the Lectures of HERMANN LOTZE. Translated and Edited by GEORGE T. LADD, Professor of Philosophy in Yale College. Boston : Ginn & Co., 1885. Pp. xii., 156. Prof. Ladd has with this translation, following upon the Metaphysic and the Philosophy of Religion, noted in MIND, Vol. x. 470, completed the first part of his scheme of introducing English readers to the series of Lotze's Dictate ; and it is to be hoped that he will not fail to proceed with the Psychology, the ^Esthetics, and the Logic, in regard to which he renews a conditional promise. In the case of the Practical Philosophy, he follows the second German edition which had gone back from the paragraphs given in the first edition as last dictated in 1880 to the earlier form of 1878 and this for the reason that the earlier cast included sections on Marriage and the Family and on the Intercourse of Men afterwards omitted. The translator (who proved his competence in the Metaphysic) remarks on the special interest attaching to the Practical Philosophy in that it gives, in default of the unwritten third part of his system, the only approach to a systematic treatment of ethics which Lotze has left ; and he truly notes, among other points, that Lotze shows rare and delicate tact in discerning the weak places in the extremes of Rigorism and Eudaemonism in morals. An Index is added, as in former parts of the translated series.