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H. MAUDSLEY'S BODY AXD WILL. 135 do not imagine that Mr. Bradley takes this track, there i is much in his book that so would be incomprehensible ; but he undoubtedly speaks as if the nature of thought were such as to render reality altogether foreign to it, and sometimes treats phenomenal reality, momentary appearance, as if it had supreme worth and supplied a touchstone for the validity of reasoning. * Knowledge is subjective, unquestionably, and it is not reality, simply because it is knowledge ; but it is not on that account to be regarded either as a complex, accidental growth in the indi- vidual spirit, nor as doomed for ever to face its own insoluble problem. If we seriously treat knowledge as one of the modes of thought in and for which reality has any significance, we may come to see why there is continuously present therein the oppo- sition of knowing and being, which, hastily interpreted and mixed with foreign considerations, might lead to an abstract severance of the two. Possibly, also, those minor queries, such as that relating to the cause and the reason in knowledge, would yield to an investigation of the true significance of the relative cate- gories employed. I am in doubt to what extent these remarks do injustice to Mr. Bradley's point of view, but the definition he has given of judg- ' ment, his interpretation of the modal categories, his development of the forms of inference, his frequent excursions into the psycho- log}' of knowledge, and his final discussion of reality, seem to me to imply a view hardly in keeping with the general tenor of the book, and possibly, if worked out, destructive to much that appears * there. However that may be, there is this to be said, that from few books of recent philosophy is there more to be learned than from the present work. No reader can fail to learn much or to be stimulated in the best way by the abundant criticism that is bestowed upon logical and psychological doo-trin^s ; there is none who cannot benefit ~loy the remarkable patience, circumspection and acuteness with which the author handles each logical ques- tion. That a work should be calculated to raise the whole standard of discussion in its subject is perhaps the highest praise that can be given ; in my judgment such praise can be unre- servedly accorded to Mr. Bradley's treatment of the Principles of R. ADAMSON. arc? Wiff : Being an Essay concerning Will in its Meta- physical, Physiological and Pathological Aspects. By HENRY MAUDSLEY, M.D. London : Kegan Paul, Trench, 1883. Pp. 333. The main drift of Body nn>l Will is decidedly polemical. Dr. Maudsley declares war against "metaphysicians" and all their works. The word Metaphysics is nowhere in the book formally defined, and one is disposed at times to regard it as a synonym