Page:Mind (Old Series) Volume 9.djvu/281

ON THE CLASSIFICATION OF THE SCIENCES. 269 correlative dynamic science of mind. Grammar and Lexicography have long studied structure and function in language, but Glosso- logy now investigates genesis and growth. History has long pre- sented little else than panoramic views, pictures of how society was, but Sociology would set forth society as a growing organ- ism. The idea of evolution is now fast permeating even Theology, although it is, of course, subjective evolution, an evolution not in the object-matter but in the ideas of the object-matter. Biblical Theology is now tracing the growth of religious ideas in the Old and New Testaments ; and the sciences of comparative religion and mythology are tracing the growth of religious ideas in general. The following tabula"r outline, which may in some sense be termed an historical classification of the sciences, may be of service : STATIC SCIENCES. DYNAMIC SCIENCES. Geography. Geology. Astronomy. Nebular Theory. Physics. Theory of Convertibility of Forces. Chemistry. Lockyer's Hypothesis. Zoology and Botany. Biology. Psychology. Paedagogy. Grammar and Lexicography. Glossology. History. Sociology. Theology. Science of Religion. SCIENCES OF BEING. SCIENCES OF BECOMING. SCIENCES OF STRUCTURE SCIENCES OF GROWTH. AND FUNCTION. Although Mathematics is not placed in the above scheme, yet dynamic conceptions, such as the theory of fluxions, have played an important part in its later growth. Kant strongly insisted on the distinction between "Physiography" and " Physiogony," descriptive and genealogical science, corresponding to these divisions into static and dynamic science. All the sciences are pressing forward to, or have already attained, the evolu- tionary or dynamic stage of progress, and the idea of evolution is becoming a ruling idea in the world of science. If every science has static and dynamic divisions, it would seem best to indicate the fact by an appropriate terminology. If we take Geology in the literal sense as the science of the earth, we have Geography, the science of structure and function of the earth, as its static division, and Geogeny, the science of the growth of the earth, as its dynamic division. The terminations log;i, graplnj, and geny might, perhaps, be extended to all the sciences, giving w T hat is assuredly much needed, something like a scientific terminology to the sciences. Having thus considered, in a general way, historical classifica- tion, and a law of historical growth of the sciences, let us next consider logical classifications. Classifications based on such principles as dependence, increasing concreteness, generality,