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314 NEW BOOKS. Mr. Elwes gives us the first complete English translation of Spinoza's principal works in two handy volumes, with a modest, concise, and careful Introduction. As far as can be judged from a cursory inspection, it is a solid and scholarly piece of work. It is only to be regretted that Mr. Elwes has not had the advantage of the Dutch editors' text for the Letters. In translation, however, they have been purposely abridged to some extent by omissions of non-philosophical matter, which makes this of less importance. One is also disposed to regret that Mr. Elwes did not, while he was about it, include the Korte Verhandeling, of which we have no English version at all. It is true that the interest of the work is chiefly in the witness it bears to the gradual development of Spinoza's ideas and his relation to contem- porary speculation, which is the affair of special students. But this is equally true of many of the Letters, and of considerable parts of the Tractatus Theologico-politicus and the Tractatus Politicus. It may be not irrelevant to cite here a lately published tribute to Spinoza from an unexpected quarter, the letters of Gustave Flaubert to George Sand which have appeared in the Nouvelle Revue (Jan. 15, 1884, p. 251). Speaking of his Saint- Antoine, Flaubert says : " Je vais m'y re- mettre dans une huitaine, quand j'en aurai fini avec Kant et avec Hegel. Ces deux grands hommes contribuent a m'abrutir, et quand je suis de leur compagnie, je tombe avec voracite^sur mon vieux et trois fois grand Spinoza. Quel genie ! quelle ceuvre que I'Ethique ! " [F. P.] Outlines of Psychology : with special Reference to the Theory of Education. By JAMES SULLY. London : Longmans, 1884. Pp. xxiv. 705. This work consists of fourteen chapters. The first three give a general account of mental phenomena and their laws. Then follows a chapter on Attention, after which come six chapters dealing with the successive stages of intellectual development, namely, Sensation, Perception, Reproduc- tive Imagination, Constructive Imagination, Conception, Judgment and Reasoning. Two chapters are reserved for Feeling, and two for Volition. The work, while following in the main the traditions of English psycho- logy, seeks to assimilate the more important results of German research. Considerable use has been made both of the Herbartians, particularly Waitz and Volkmann, and of the school of physiological psychology of which Lotze was perhaps the principal founder. The early stages of mental growth receive special attention, an attempt being made by the help of personal observation, supplemented by the researches of others, to assign approximately the date at which the more important psychical products, e.g., perception of distance, judgment, first manifest themselves. A practical turn is given to the exposition by bringing out the bearing of psychological principles on the conduct and cultivation of the mind, and special sections are occupied with tracing out their main applications to the art of Edu- cation. The Relations of Mind and Brain. By HENRY CALDERWOOD, LL.D., Pro- fessor of Moral Philosophy, University of Edinburgh. Second Edition. London : Macmillan, 1884. Pp. xx. 527. This second edition of Dr. Calderwood's work (originally published in 1879 and reviewed in MIND XVII.) includes a considerable quantity of new matter, for which room has partly been made by a pruning of several of the more argumentative chapters. One entirely new chapter on "Animal Intelligence " is interpolated in the middle, running to a length of 90 pp. ; and there are a few other insertions. The actual increase of bulk is about 70 pp. The chapters descriptive of the nervous system are practically unchanged. No attempt has been made to incorporate the more recent