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466 NEW BOOKS. Philosophy of the Unconscious. By EDUARD VON HARTMANN. Speculative Results according to the Inductive Method of Physical Science. Authorised Translation by WILLIAM CHATTERTON COUPLAND, M.A., B.Sc. 3 vols. London : Triibner, 1884. Pp. xxxii., 372 ; vi., 368 ; viii., 360. A task requiring more patient and persistent effort, also more varied ability if it should be well performed, could hardly be chosen by a single worker than the rendering into another language of such a conglomerate production as the famous Philosophie des Unbewussten. Mr. Coupland has done his work with no common skill and, at the same time, so far as we have been able to test at different points, with remarkable fidelity to the original though we have hit upon slips here and there of the kind that seems inseparable from the labour of translation when more than one pair of eyes are not turned upon the same text. To sustain him throughout his long labour, which has left aside not one of the many supplementary notes and seeks to do justice also to the series of prefaces begun with the seventh edition, the translator has not had any immoderate opinion of his author if we may judge by the' measured words of his own short Preface. They include, however, with reason, the expression that " when criticism has done its worst, there will be enough of worth left to justify the enthusiasm the Philosophy of the Unconscious has evoked in the land of its birth, as also to secure it a welcome from a wide circle of new and appreciating readers". It is now sixteen years since the author, then only twenty-seven, burst upon the world with the huge outcome of his early thought, and how little he had then exhausted his productive power, the fifteen or sixteen independent works two or three of them hardly of less size than the first are there from the succeeding years to show. The more important of these have not been overlooked in this Journal as they appeared, and the opportunity has not been otherwise wanting to pronounce upon his " specu- lative results". Though sought "according to the inductive method of physical science," the Philosophy of the Unconscious presented them in a form not exactly suited to our insular mind ; but it is certainly well that, if they were to be made directly accessible to English readers, it should be in the fresh and genial exuberance of their first statement. Metaphysica nova et vetusta. A Return to Dualism. By SCOTUS NOVAN- TICUS. London : Williams & Norgate, 1884. Pp. xi., 182. "The synthesis (says the author) required for the perception of objects was the aim of Kant's Analytic, and he certainly was right in maintaining that such synthesis was impossible to mere Sensibility. It seems to me, however, that he was wrong in concluding that there was no possible real content of knowledge save in and through Sensibility (a priori and a pos- teriori). Not only do we know the functions of Reason as such, but (as I shall attempt to show) these functions throw into Consciousness pure per- cepts which are themselves real and true content of knowledge ; and which, further, are not merely regulative, but constitutive of the external. . . . My standpoint is psychological, and my.metaphysic is psychological or phenomenological metaphysic. . . . On the other hand ... I am not to be understood as holding that either scientific Psychology or Ethics is possible save as grounded in Metaphysic." Sleep- Walking and Hypnotism. By D. HACK TUKE, M.D., LL.D., Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians, Lond. ; Co-editor of the Jo< of Mental Science. London: CHURCHILL, 1884. Pp. vi. 120.