of mutation require it; (2) the words are arranged in the usual syntactic order, the subordinate word coming last, except in the case of numerals, ii (5) below.
Cf. in Latin the improper compounds pater-familias, juris-dictio, in which the first element is an intact word, by the side of the proper compounds patri-cida juri-dicus in which the first element contains the stem only.
ii. Improper compounds accented on the penult consist of—
(1) Some nouns qualified by da, as gẃr-da ‘goodman’, gw̯réig-dda ‘good wife’, hín-dda ‘fair weather’, géir-da ‘good report’. Names of relatives with maeth, as tád-maeth ‘foster father’, mámaeth (for mám-faeth, § 110 iii (1)) ‘foster mother’, máb-maeth, bráwd-maeth, chw̯áer-faeth. A few other combinations, such as héul-wen ‘bright sun’[1] (haul fem., § 142 iii), cóel-certh ‘bonfire’ (lit. ‘certain sign’). See also (3) below.
- A bryno tir â braint da
- Yn i árdal â’n ẃr-da.—L.G.C. 249.
‘He who buys land with good title in his neighbourhood will become a goodman.’
(2) Nouns with dependent genitives: tréf-tad ‘heritage’, dỿ́dd-brawd or dỿ́dd-barn (also dɥ̄́dd bráwd, dɥ̄́dd bárn) ‘judgement day’, pén-tref ‘village’, pén-cerdd ‘chief of song’, pén-tan ‘hob’. See also (3) and (4) below.
(3) Nouns with adjectives or genitives forming names of places; as Tré-for or Tré-fawr, Brỿ́n-gwyn, Mỿnỿ́dd-mawr, Abér-maw, Mín-ffordd, Pén-tir, Pén-mon, Pén-mon Máwr.[2]
Even when the article comes before the genitive, the whole name is sometimes thus treated, the accent falling upon the article; as Pen-ỿ́-berth near Pwllheli, Tal-ỿ́-bryn in Llannefydd, Clust-ỿ́-blaiẟ near Cerrig y Drudion, Moel-ỿ́-ci (pron. Moɥ|lỿ́c|i), a hill near Bangor, Llan-é-cil near y Bala, Pen-é-goes near Machynlleth, Pen-é-berth near Aberystwyth (e for ỿ, § 16 iv (2)). Cf. (7) below.
- Mi af i ganu i’m oes
- I benáig o Ben-é-goes.—L.G.C. 429.
‘I will go to sing while I live to a chieftain of Penégoes.’
(4) The word duw (or dɥw) followed by the name of the day in the genitive; as Dúw-sul as well as Dúw Sū́l or Dȳ́dd Sū́l ‘Sunday’; so Dúw-llun ‘Monday’, Dúw-mawrth ‘Tuesday’, and Díf-i̯au for Dúw I̯áu ‘Thursday’. Similarly dú(w)-gwyl ‘the day of the feast (of)’.
- ↑ It is often supposed that heulwen is a proper compound of haul and gwên, meaning the ‘smile of the sun’; but erroneously, for heulwen is the ‘sun’ itself, not ‘sunshine’.
- ↑ The common spelling Penmaenmawr appears to be due to popular etymology. Camden, 4th ed., 1594, p. 18, has Pen-mon maur, and the word is now pronounced Pèn-mon-máwr.
