in every case to ‑ein(n), tending to become ‑eint or to be replaced by ‑eu. The affection prob. comes from neut. dual forms, of which the ending in Pr. Ar. was *‑ī. Thus Ml. W. ysgyveint m.m. 2, Mn. W. ysgyfaint ‘lungs’ < *squmₑn-ī, old neut. dual; the noun has no sg.;—O.W. anu ‘name’ pl. enuein. Ml. W. pl. enweu, with a new sg. enw, Mn. W. enw, pl. enwau (the a- survived in anwedig G.R. [122, 220], Gwyn. dial. § 112 i (2)): Ir. ainm, pl. anmann, neut.;—cam ‘step’, O.W. pl. cemmein, now camau: Ir. cēim, pl. cēimmenn, neut.;—rhwym ‘band’, O. W. pl. ruimmein, now rhwymau;—gof ‘smith’, also gofan(n) b.t. 7, pl. Ml. W. goveẏn a.l. i 72, Mn. W. gofaint: Ir. goba, gen. gobann;—edn ‘bird’, once ednan m.a. i 195, pl. ednein (printed ednain m.a. i 207), etneint r.p. 1245, Mn. ednaint Gr.O. 10;—llw ‘oath’, Ml. W. pl. cam lyein Ỻ.A. 158, camlyeu r.p. 1201 ‘false oaths’, Mn. W. llŵon, Gwyn. dial. llyfon.
i-stems.
§ 122. i. ‑i, ‑ydd, ‑oedd, ‑edd represent the Brit. endings of i‑, i̯o‑, i̯ā- and i̯e- stems.
ii. i-stems, (1) The vowel is not affected in the sg. All the above endings occur in the pl.
The Ar. nom. endings were m.f. sg. *‑is, pl. *‑ei̯es; neut. sg. *‑i, pl. *‑ii̯ə, *‑ī. In Brit. the sg. *‑is, *‑i became *‑es, *‑e and did not cause affection; the pl. *‑eies became *‑ii̯es which gave ‑i, ‑ydd or ‑oedd according to the accentuation § 75 v, iv; the neut. pl. *‑ii̯ə > *‑iia > ‑edd or ‑oedd according to accentuation; and *‑ī affected the preceding vowel and dropped.
(2) ‑i and ‑ydd both form the pl. of tref ‘town’; thus trewi (≡ trefi) b.b. 54, trewit (≡ trefyẟ) do. 91, Mn. W. trefi § 160 iii (2), and trefydd D.G. 3; cantref ‘cantred’ makes cantrevoeẟ r.b.b. 407 ff., but Mn. W. cantref-i, ‑ydd like tref; see § 75 iv, v.
eglwys ‘church’ follows tref in Mn.W. (eglwysyẟ p 147/5 r.), but Ml. W. has eglwysseu r.p. 1046, m.a. i 273a. In. Ml. W. fforest follows tref: foresti r.b.b. 199, fforestyẟ r.m. 195, Mn. W. fforestydd only. plwyf ‘parish’ (a late meaning) also takes ‑i or ‑ydd in Recent W., but earlier plwyvau m.a. ii 613.
‑i was added to some names of persons: saer ‘craftsman’, pl. seiri w.m. 189; maer ‘steward’, pl. meiri b.b. 54; cawr ‘giant’, pl. cewri (rarely ceuri) § 76 iv (3); merthyr ‘martyr’, pl. merthyri Ỻ.A. 126; prophwydi ib.; arglwydd, pl. arglwyẟi M.A. i 198a; so all in Mn. W. (in Late W. merthyron also).
