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246
ACCIDENCE
§ 148

Eng. hind-er, be-hind, perhaps from √k̑ent- ‘point’; cf. blaenaf ‘foremost, first’: blaen ‘point’;—cyntaf § 106 iii (3); cynnar § 153 (4); cynffon ‘tail’ < *cynh-ffonn shows cynt meaning ‘hind’.

(4) da ‘good’; eqtv. Ml. kynna b.t. 10, r.p. 1403; Ml. kystadɏl m.a. i 290, kystal b.t. 10, w.m. 4, 7, etc., Mn. cystadl, usually cystal; as a noun Ml. dahet w.m. 70, daet r.m. 207, Mn. daëd, daed; cpv. gwell, spv. Ml. goreuhaf b.t. 65, B.B. 42, goreuaf Ỻ.A. 49, but usually goreu, Mn. W. goreu, gorau.

da § 65 ii (1); kynna < *kom-dag‑; daëd and dae̯d, disyll. and monosyll., see exx.;—cystadl § 96 ii (3), cf. distadl ibid.; the frequent use of the word caused the reduction ‑adl > ‑al; J.D.R.’s cystadled, and later cystled seem to be wrongly standardized forms of Gwyn. dial. cystlad, which may well be for cystadl by metathesis;—gwell orig. ‘choice’ § 100 iii (2), prob. not cpv. in form;—goreu appears to be formed from gor- ‘super’ § 156 i (17) and some form of the base *eu̯eseu̯- ‘good’ § 75 vii (3); it is not likely that goreu is shortened from goreuhaf, for the dropping of the ending would be against all analogy; rather goreuhaf is a rhetorical form made from goreu, and apparently not largely used at any time; the Mn. form is goreu, gorau, § 81 iii (1); in the Early Mn. bards it rhymes with ‑au, see ex.—Pughe’s goraf is a fiction.

Er 'dá-ëd fo’r gair dí-werth,
Ni bydd gwir heb addaw gwerth.—I.F., m 148/59.

‘However good a word without a bribe may be, it will not be [accepted as] true without the promise of a bribe.’

Gwae ni dy ddaed gan dy ddwyn.—T.A., g. 230 (7 syll.).

‘Woe to us that thou wert so good since thou art taken away.’ Cf. L.G.C. 190.

O gwŷl gŵr gael y gorau,
Oed i’r gŵr hwn drugarhau.—T.A., a 24980/85.

‘If a man sees that he has the best [of it], it is time for that man to relent.’ So iau/orau H.C.Ỻ., 133/212b; H.D.p 99/498.

(5) drwg ‘bad’; eqtv. kynẟrwc r.p. 1357, s.g. 11, 34, 37, etc., cỿnddrwg Gen. xli 19; as a noun drycket w.m. 227, Mn. drỿced D.G. 40; cpv. gwaeth; spv. gwaethaf.

drwg, Bret. drouk, droug, Ir. droch‑, drog- < Kelt. *druko-dhreuɡh/q‑: Skr. drúh‑, dhruk ‘injuring, betraying’, drúhyati ‘hurts’, Germ. Trug: Lat. fraus;—cỿnddrwg § 147 iii (4);—gwaeth, gwaethaf, Bret. gwaz, gwasa, Vann. gwac’h, Corn. gwêth, gwetha; the Bret. forms show that W. wae is for woe, so that Stokes’s *u̯akto‑s Fick⁴ ii 260 is inadmissible; hence probably gw̯aethaf < *gw̯oeẟ-haf < *upo-ped-isₑmos § 75 ii (1): Lat. pessimus < *ped-sₑmos; in that