- O erw i gant yr â gwr:
- O ddwy i un ydd â anwr.—I.D., tr. 150.
‘[It is] from an acre to a hundred that a man goes, [and] a churl from two to one.’
(2) Between vowels yẟ or yr may become ’ẟ or ’r, e.g. wedi ’dd êl L.G.C. 394 ‘after [the time] when it goes’; but before a consonant it is always y; unlike the article, it cannot appear as ’r after a vowel if a consonant follows. On the sound of the y in the word see § 82 ii (1).
iii. In Early Ml. W. the adverbial rel. often appears as yd (≡ yd, not yẟ), later written yt; this occurs not only before vowels but before consonants also, the latter usually undergoing the soft mutation.
Tec yd gan ir adaren b.b. 107 ‘[it is] sweetly that the bird sings’; myn yd vo truin yd vit trev do. 83 ‘[it is] there where a nose is that a sneeze will be’; yn Aber Cuawc yt ganant gogeu r.p. 1034 ‘[it is] at Aber Cuawg that cuckoos sing’.
In the b.b. the soft occurs after yd twelve times; the rad. occurs four times (id p- 41, 53, id k- 85, 95), and in each case may be due to provection. Before t‑, d‑, g‑, ff‑, s‑, m- n‑, only y [rad.] occurs; before k‑, gw‑, b‑, ll‑, both y [rad.] and yd [soft] appear; before p‑, r- only yd‑; before a vowel, yẟ, rarely yd.
iv. (1) The pres. ind. of the verb ‘to be’ has a relatival form sydd, sy, Ml. W. yssyẟ, yssy, in the b.b. often issi (i ≡ y). The full form ysydd is also used in Mn. W., and is generally wrongly divided y sydd, because the accent is on the second syllable. The suffixed rel. is the subject of the verb, which always means ‘who is’, ‘who am’, etc.
Although originally 3rd sg., the rel. may have a noun or pron. of any number or person as antecedent; thus Diau mat chwychwi sy bobl Job xii 2 ‘Doubtless it is you who are people’.
(2) In the verb pieu the interrogative element pi came to be used as a relative; see § 192 ii (2), (3).
(3) pan, originally interrogative, is mostly relative in Ml. and Mn. W. It is used for ‘when’, chiefly where no antecedent is expressed; see § 222 vi (1).—In questions and answers it expresses ‘whence’, as o py wlat…pan henwyt c.m. 33 ‘from what country [is it] that (= whence) thou art sprung?’ Ae o bysgotta pan deuy di do. 53 ‘is it from fishing that thou comest?’ In these cases yẟ may be used, and yr supplants pan in Mn. W. On pan in answers see § 163 i (6).
