MR. J. S. MILL
UPON
PERSONAL REPRESENTATION.
Of True and False Democracy: Representation of All and Representation of the Majority only.[1]
It has been seen that the dangers incident to a representative democracy are of two kinds: danger of a low grade of intelligence in the representative body, and in the popular opinion which controls it; and danger of class legislation on the part of the numerical majority, these being all composed of the same class. "We have next to consider how far it is possible so to organise the democracy, as, without interfering materially with the characteristic benefits of democratic government, to do away with these two great evils, or at least to abate them in the utmost degree attainable by human contrivance.
The common mode of attempting this is by limiting the democratic character of the representation, through a more or less restricted suffrage. But there is a previous consideration which, duly kept in view, considerably modifies the circumstances which are supposed to render such a restriction necessary. A completely equal democracy, in a nation in which a single class composes the numerical majority, cannot be divested of certain evils; but those
- ↑ Reprinted from "Considerations on Representative Government." Chapter VII. The elaborate discussion of the details of Mr. Hare's scheme contained in this chapter, and a few other remarks, has been omitted, as only partially applicable to the present state of the question.
