be very widely diffused, even among non-European tribes. The Demeter cult, however, is distinct enough from the myth of Gæa, the Earth, considered as, in conjunction with Heaven, the parent of the gods. Demeter is rather the fruitful soil regarded as a person than the elder Titanic formless earth personified as Gæa. Thus conceived as the foster-mother of life, earth is worshipped in America by the Shawnees and Potawatomies as Me-suk-kum-mik-o-kwi, the "mother of earth." It will be shown that this goddess appears casually in a Potawatomie legend, which is merely a savage version of the sacred story of Eleusis.[1] Tacitus found that Mother Hertha was adored in Germany with rites so mysterious that the slaves who took part in them were drowned. "Whereof ariseth a secret terror and an holy ignorance what that should be which they only see who are a-perishing."[2] It is curious that in the folklore of Europe, up to this century, food-offering's to the earth were buried in Germany and by Gipsies; for the same rite is practised by the Potawatomies.[3] The Mexican Demeter, Centeotl, is well known, and Acosta's account of religious ceremonies connected with harvest in Mexico and Peru might almost be taken for a description of the Greek Eiresionê. The god of agriculture among the Tongan Islanders has one very curious point of resemblance to Demeter. In the Iliad (v. 505) we read that Demeter presides over the fanning of the grain. "Even as a wind
- ↑ Compare Maury, Religions de la Grèce, i. 72.
- ↑ Germania, 40, translation of 1622.
- ↑ Compare Tylor, Prim. Cult., ii, 273, with Father De Smet, Oregon Missions, New York, 1847, p. 351.
