BUT OX YAC ETIC IN UR INE: ME TH OD 8316, Issue 1, dated 1 5 Ma rch 2003 - Page 4 of 5 CALCULATIONS: 19. 20.
Calculate from the calibration curve the co ncentration of PFB -BAA (C c, :mol/L) in the final solution. Calculate the conce ntration of BAA (C u, :m ol/L) in the urine sam ple fro m the equa tion be low.
21.
where 6.67 is the dilution for the sample preparation steps. Adjust the result for the creatinine level and report in micromoles per mole creatinine or in milligrams per gram creatinine, using the conversion 1 :mol/mol equals 1.17 mg/g.
GUIDES FOR INTERPRETATION: A urinary BAA level of 51 mm ol/mol creatinine (60 mg/g creatinine) corresponds to the NIOSH recomm ended expos ure level for a 10-hr work shift of 5-ppm TW A for 2-butoxyethanol and 2-butoxyethyl acetate, assuming no derm al exp osu re to the liquid. Biological monitoring for exposure is recomm ended, because 1) dermal absorption m ay be a m ajor ro ute of e xposure, 2) worklo ad can significantly influence inhalation exposure, and 3) bu toxyacetic acid itself exerts h em atolog ic toxicity [2]. BAA levels up to 282 :m ol/m ol creatinine (3 30 m g/g creatinine) have been m easured in occupation ally exposed persons [7]. Levels as high as 0.5 :m ol/m ol creatinine (0.6 m g/g creatinine) have been fou nd in urine of p eople not occupationally exposed to 2-butoxyethanol or 2-butoxyethyl acetate [6]. 2-Butoxyethanol is comm only found in household products, such as paints and cleaners.
EVALUATION OF METHOD: A detection limit of 10 :mol/L was estimated using resu lts from 11 urine samples spiked with BAA over the range 0.27 to 32 :m ol/L. Recovery averaged 93% (range 53% to 146%) for 20 quality-control samples con tain ing BAA at concentrations 12 to 3000 :m ol/L. Precision was estimated a t 13% relative standard deviation from duplicate analysis of 12 field sam ples from workers exposed to 2-buto xyetha nol.
REFERENCES: [1]
[2] [3] [4] [5] [6]
Rettenmeier AW , Hennigs R, W odarz R [1993]. Determination of butoxyacetic acid and n-butoxyacetylglutamine in urine of lacquerers exposed to 2-butoxyethanol, Int Arch Occup Environ He alth, 65, S151-S153. NIOSH [1990]. Criteria for a Recom mended Standard. Occupational exposure to ethylene glycol m onobutyl ether and ethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate, DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 90-118. Sm allwood AW , DeBord K, Burg J, Moseley C, Lowry L [1988]. D ete rm ination of u rinary 2-e tho xyacetic acid as an indicator of occupational exposure to 2-ethoxyethanol, Appl. Ind. Hyg., 3(2), 47-50. Johanson G [1989]. Analysis of ethylene glycol ether metabolites in urine by extractive alkylation and electron-capture gas chrom ato graphy, A rch. T oxicol., 63, 107-111. Groesenken D, Veulem ans H , Massc helein R, Van Vlem E [1989]. An imp roved method for the determination in urine of alkoxyacetic acids, Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health, 61, 249-254. Sakai T, Araki T, Morita Y, Masuyama Y [1994]. Gas chromatographic determination of butox yacetic acid after hydrolysis of conjugated metabolites in urine from workers ex pos ed to 2-bu toxyethan ol, Int. Arc h. O ccu p. En viron. H ealth, 66, 249-254.
NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods (NMAM), Fourth Edition
