LEAD IN DU ST W IPES: M ETH OD 9105, Issue 1, dated 1 5 Ma rch 2003 - Page 3 of 3
8. 9. 10. 11.
must be m ixed. A new indicato r solution should be prepared at least daily, especially if not refrigerated at a very low temperature (approaching 0 oC). The lead disclosing solution should be k ept cold where pos sible (e .g., rec om m end to use a sm all cooler for field storage of indicator solution). NOT E 2: Alternative solutions and test indicato rs m ay be used, and this can alter the sen sitivity and selectivity of the test for lead. Place sample (wipe) on clean surface. Spray with 3 pumps of bottle #1 (vinegar) extraction solution. Spray wipe with 2 pum ps of bottle #2 (indicator solution). If sample turns red, lead is present. If no color change, sample is considered negative. NOT E 3: For quantitative analysis, see Method 7300 for ICP.
EVALUATION OF METHOD: The method has been evaluated preliminarily using ASTM E17 92 [1] wipes spiked with certified reference materials (CRMs), and has been found to give a positive response for at least ten micrograms of lead per wipe. The m ethod has also been subjected to limited field testing, and shows a positive response for at least a few tens of m icrogram s of lead per wipe. Extrem ely heavy soiling on the wipe could interfere with visualization of the red c olor chan ge d ue to dark ening of th e wipe, but the pink or red hues should still be visible around the area of the heaviest soiling, provided lead is present. Difficult matrices (e.g., dust wipes containing paint chips) may require leaching in dilute nitric acid before spot testing. Persons with color blindness may not be able to detect the pink or red hues characteristic of this spot test method.
REFERENCES: [1] ASTM [2002]. ASTM E1792-02, Standard specification for wipe sampling materials for lead in surface dus t. In: Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol. 04.11. W est Conshohocken, PA: American Society for Testing and Materials. [2] Es sw ein EJ, Boeniger M, Ashley K [2001]. Handwipe disclosing method for the presence of lead. U.S. Patent No. 6,248,593. [3] Feigel F, Anger V [1972]. Spot Tests in Inorganic An alysis. Am sterdam : Elsevier, pp. 282-287, 564-566, 569. [4] Ashley K, Fischbach TJ, Song R [1996]. Evaluation of a chemical spot test kit for the detection of airborne particulate lead in th e wo rkp lace. Am . Ind. H yg. Assoc . J. 57:161-165. [5] Song R, S chle cht PC, Ashley K [2001]. Field screening test methods — Performance criteria and perform anc e ch arac teristics . J. Ha zard. M ater. 83:29-39. [6] ASTM [2002]. ASTM E 1728-02, Standard practice for field collection of settled dust samples using wipe sampling methods for lead determ ination. In: Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol. 04.11. W est Conshohocken, PA: American Society for Testing and Materials.
METHOD WRITTEN BY: Eric J . Ess wein, NIO SH /DS HE FS , and Kevin Ashley, NIO SH /DA RT .
NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods (NMAM), Fourth Edition
