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Table I:

Values of the Bias (B) and the Precision (SPrT) Required to Obtain Designated Values of Accuracy (A) in Percentage Units.[1]

A B Srt
(%) (%) (%)
5$ -3.5& 0.9450*
5$ -2.5& 1.5589*
5$ 0.0& 2.5511*
5$ 2.5& 1.4829*
5$ 3.5& 0.8811*
10$ -7.5& 1.6432*
10$ -5.0& 3.1999*
10$ 0.0& 5.1022*
10$ 5.0& 2.8952*
10$ 7.5& 1.4139*
15$ -10.0& 3.3777*
15$ -5.0& 6.3814*
15$ 0.0& 7.6530*
15$ 5.0& 5.7736*
15$ 10.0& 2.7636*
20$ -10.0& 6.7554*
20$ -5.0& 9.4476*
20$ 0.0& 10.2043*
20$ 5.0& 8.5478*
20$ 10.0& 5.5271*
25$ -10.0& 10.1284*
25$ -5.0& 12.3869*
25$ 0.0& 12.7548*
25$ 5.0& 11.2072*
25$ 10.0& 8.2869*
30$ -15.0& 10.7287*
30$ -7.5& 14.5544*
30$ 0.0& 15.3061*
30$ 7.5& 12.5236*
30$ 15.0& 7.9299*
35$ -15.0& 14.3038*
35$ -7.5& 17.5897*
35$ 0.0& 17.8574*
35$ 7.5& 15.1353*
35$ 15.0& 10.5724*

* Below the minimum attainable precision with a 5% pump correction.

$ Does not fulfill the Accuracy Criterion (±25% of the true value).

& Does not fulfill the bias criterion (±10%).


  1. Note: the values shown in this table are population or theoretical values.
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NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods