the country of another branch, a hollow tree is set on fire, so that the smoke is seen at a distance.[1]
The Kaiabara used smoke signals to call the tribe together. When leaving camp, they indicated to others where they were gone to by placing a stick in the ground pointing in the direction.[2]
When one or more of the Narrang-ga messengers are 
FIG. 48.—AN OBAL PLACED AS A GUIDE TO A FOLLOWING PARTY. KURNAI TRIBE. approaching a place where they know others are encamped, they make a smoke, but there is nothing more in this than to announce their approach.[3]
The Kurnai indicate the direction in which they have gone by either planting a stick in the ground leaning in a certain direction and with some bark tied on the end, or by bending a small sapling in it, and tieing the leafy branches of its head up in a ball, either by themselves or with some-
