Ning-kwoh District.
75
| I.—Instances in which Shang-te and its cognates have been used for God.— | |||
| Times. | |||
| Shang-te used for God by way of eminence, sometimes accompanied with the statement that Shang-te is one, and there is no other Shang-te but this one, | 175 | ||
| Hwang Shang-te | do | do. | 371 |
| Te | do. | do. | 17 |
| T'heen-te | do. | do. | 2 |
| T'heen | do. | do. | 100 |
| T'heen-foo | do. | do. | 194 |
| Hwang-t'heen | do. | do. | 2 |
| Hwang-t'heen Shang-te | do. | do. | 1 |
| Haou-t'heen | do. | do. | 2 |
| T'heen-kung | do. | do. | 1 |
| —865 | |||
| II.—Instances in which Shin is used for God, or gods:— | |||
| Shin used for God, or the Supreme Spirit, | 4 | ||
| Shin used for others besides the Supreme, | 2 | ||
| Chin shin, for the true God, or Spirit, | 18 | ||
| Seay-shin, for depraved gods, or spirits, | 14 | ||
| —38 | |||
| III.—Cases in which other terms are employed for the Lord of all:— | |||
| Shang-choo, used for Lord, | 52 | ||
| Choo-tsae | do. | 2 | |
| Jehovah, | 1 | ||
| Hwa-kung, creator, | 1 | ||
| —56 | |||
| IV.—Cases in which Shin is used for spirit, or enters into composition to express angel, genii, &c.:— | |||
| Shin, used for the Spirit of God, | 2 | ||
| Shing Shin fung, Holy Spirit, in which Shing, stands for holy, and Shing-fung for spirit, | 4 | ||
| Tsing-shin for animal spirit, | 2 | ||
| —8 | |||
| Shin-tseih, traces of spiritual beings, used in the sense of miracles, | 4 | ||
| Shin-seen, genii, | 8 | ||
| Shin-she angels, | 6 | ||
| Shin-chow, region of spirits, name for China in opposition to Kwei-fang, land of devils, used for Tartary, | 4 | ||
| Shin-yay, spiritual father, coupled with Hwan-foo, ghostly father, | 3 | ||
| —33 | |||
We have observed elsewhere, that the example of the insurgents is of little value as philological argument, because they borrowed their religious terms, as they did their views of doctrine, mainly from the foreigners who preceded them. Their practice, however, shows to what class of terms they felt most inclined; and from this we find that they employed Shang-te and its cognates for God by way of eminence, in almost every instance. This is indeed the rule observed in their books, while the use of him, in the same sense, is the exception.
