io*s.i.ApEiLi6,i9<H.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
307
And what do you think I made of his head ?
'Twas forty fine ovens as ever baked bread,
Some shovels and pokers and other fine things,
Don't you think I made well of my jovial herring?
And what do you think I made of his eyes ? 'Twas forty great puddings and fifty great pies, Some mustards and custards and other fine things, Don't you think I made well of my jovial herring ?
Now what do you think I made of his fins ? It was sixty fine Dutchmen as ever drank gin, There was Swedes and Norwegians and other fine
things, Don't you think I made well of my jovial herring?
And what do you think I made of his tail? 'Twas forty fine shipping as ever sot sail, Some long-boats and barges and other fine things, Don't you think I made well of my jovial herring ?
And what do you think I made of his scales ? 'Twas forty fine blacksmiths as ever made nails, Some carpenters and masons and other fine things, Don't you think I made well of my jovial herring ?
And what do you think I made of his guts ? Some forty pretty maidens and fifty great sluts, Some kitchen maids and chamber maids and other
fine things, Don't you think I made well of my jovial herring ?
'Tis fixzlecum fizzlecum jig,
A long-tail sow and a short-tail pig.
GEORGE DAVIS CHASE. Wesleyan University, Middletown, Conn.
THE CEDILLA. This well-known mark (which signifies little zeta and takes the place of cz) is used in French words under the letter c when followed by one of the vowels a, o, or u, to indicate that it has the soft sound, as before e, i, or y. We do not use it in English, presumably because there is no exception to c being hard (formerly its universal force) before a, o, or u. But, oddly enough, the 'Encyclopaedic Dictionary' inserts it where c is followed by e, i, or y, in which cases it is not necessary even in French. W. T. LYNN.
Blackheath.
" FOULARD." In Larousse's dictionary the origin of the word foulard (" etoffe de soie de la famille des taffetas," <kc.) is stated to be unknown. I had always supposed it to be derived from fouler, to press, to trample on, &c., this make of silk being so soft and uncreasable that it can be rumpled and even squeezed with impunity ; but it occurs to me that another signification of fouler i.e., to mill (cloth, &c.), to full might be more to the point. From Webster's Dictionary and from 'Chambers's Encyclopaedia,'! gather that the essential of the fulling process is pressure, whether by beating with mallets or, as of later years, by mangling between rollers, the object being to shrink and thicken the cloth. One of the equivalents (?) offered in Webster
for the verb t. full is Low Latin folare, to
smooth, bleach, &c.
I have learnt from the buyers of two large Kensington houses that foulard is not made of silk proper, but of a certain refuse- part of the cocoon known as "shap"; that this undergoes a process of pressure similar to that by which waste wool is converted into "shoddy," and that the material is finally highly calendered. It may be ques- tioned whether these particulars would apply to the old as well as to the variety of modern productions called "foulard."
Since communicating the above I have seen the remark in Littre that, considering the lack of historical evidence, it cannot be determined whether this word comes from some Oriental term or from fouler.
ETHEL LEGA-WEEKES. [The ' H.E.D.' merely says adopted from Fr. foulard.]
LYNOLD FAMILY. One of the persons who witnessed the aurora borealis in 1639 was Mr. Edmund Lynold, at Healing (ante, p. 242). These notes about him may be useful.
In 1631 John Clarke, of Lincoln, edited the ' Colloquies ' of Erasmus, and at the end of the volume was added a "lusus anagram- maticus " on Erasmus's name by " Edmundus Lynold, de Heling, Lincoln " (ed. 1727).
In 1634 "Edmund Lyneold " was suspended from the ministry by the High Commission for refusing to conform (S. R. Gardiner, ' History of England, 1603-42,' vol. x., 1884, p. 224).
There are marriage licences at Lincoln : 1606, 31 July, Wm. Dale, parson of South Stoke, and Anne, daughter of John Lynold, "cl k dec' 1 ," of Healing; and 1614, 30 June, Walter Allen, rector of Withcall, and " Pris- cilla Linolde, of Healing, sp r ' J (Gibbons, ' Lincoln Marr. Lie.,' 1888, pp. 20, 38).
W. C. B.
JOHN GAUDEN : EDWARD LEWKNOR. In its memoir of Bishop Gauden the 'D.N.B.' says that in 1630 he was already married to Elizabeth, daughter of Sir William Russell and widow of Edward Lewknor. But this is impossible, as Edward Lewknor did not die till December, 1634. The Denham register is my authority. A portrait of this Edward Lewknor was recently sold among the Rayn- liam portraits at Christie's, lot 152. But he was wrongly described in the sale catalogue as brother to Mary, first wife of Horatio, Lord Townshend. He was her father, and she was an only child. S. H. A. H.
" WENTWORTH": ITS LOCAL PRONUNCIATION. PROF. SKEAT alludes (ante, p. 229) to the 'act that " Winta's worth has become Went-
