10 th S. I. MAY 7, 1904.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
of the Bucks' engravings in my possession,
dated 1732-4, and consequently before the
passing of this Act. R. A.
" HANGED, DRAWN, AND QUARTERED" (10 th S.
i. 209, 275, 356). The sentence on certain
Maories, which was the cause of the abolition
of the old treason sentence by statute in this
country in the 1868 Parliament, ran in the
order of the title quoted by your corre-
spondent W. C. B. D.
The collection of instances at the last reference is of much value. The right answer is given, of course, in the 'New English Dic- tionary,' s.v. 'Draw,' sections 4 and 50. It is that draivn had both senses, viz., (1) drawn on a hurdle before hanging ; and (2) eviscerated after hanging. Something depends on the date. Thus, all the examples at the last reference are later than 1440.
But sense (1) is the older, the original, and the most common use. It began about 1330 ; and in 1568 Grafton says ('Chron.,' ii. 191):
"Because he came of the bloud royall he was
not drawne, but was set upon a horse, and so brought to the place of execution, and there hanged."
It is remarkable that Garnett was " drawn " in both senses ; for he was "sentenced to be drawn, hanged, disembowelled, and quar- tered." This is given in the same storehouse, which is all too little consulted.
Sense (2) is explained at section 50 ; but the examples are not numerous, and hardly one of them is quite certain. It seems to have arisen from using the old word in a new sense. WALTHR W. SKEAT.
BURNS ANTICIPATED (10 th S. i. 286, 357). I find I am made responsible for what reads as an incorrect statement.
The words " This, too, is given in Bartlett " were meant to refer to the preceding quota- tion, and should have ended with a full stop. The punctuation given makes them apply to the one which folloivs. This would be incorrect, as the " Wee Johnie " parallel is not in Bartlett's foot-notes, but is one of those taken from Chambert's Edinburgh Journal. C. LAWRENCE FORD.
TIDES WELL AND TIDESLOW (9 th S. xii. 341' 517 ; 10 th S. i. 52, 91, 190, 228, 278, 292, 316). I am obliged to PROF. SKEAT for his note at the last reference. It is scarcely creditable to my acumen that I did not detect the misprint of u for n in his former note ; had I done so, it would have been clear that he was dealing with operative letters, not mere symbols or ghost letters.
I agree with him entirely as to the import-
ance of local pronunciation in general, but it
is not always a guide to etymology. Thus
Bridlington in Yorkshire, a station on the
North-Eastern Railway, is locally pronounced
" Burlington," but you will puzzle the booking
clerk at King's Cross if you do not pronounce
it according to the written form, which
preserves the old meaning. Again, Ruthwell,
a parish in Dumfriesshire, is pronounced
locally " Rivvel," and I have seen it so written
phonetically in documents of the thirteenth
or fourteenth century (unfortunately my
references are not at hand) ; but there can be
no doubt that the name is really A.-S. rod ivel,
as the famous Ruthwell cross and the holy
well remain to testify. In Wigtownshire the
written form Kirkcolm (a parish) bears upon
the face of it its dedication to S. Colum, out
it is always pronounced " Kirkum," and is
sometimes so written in very early documents.
It happens that here also is a carved cross and
" S. Colum's well." Another Scottish dedica-
tion to S. Coluui Kilmacdlm, in Renfrew-
shire has suffered grievously from the name
being painted up at the railway station
" Kilmalcolm." Locally it is still pronounced
correctly, with the stress on the last syllable
= cil mo Coluim, " at the cell of dear Colum ";
but railway officials and travellers accent the
penultimate, which alters the meaning into
oil niaoil Coluim, "at the cell of Colum's
servant."
Railway usage is also responsible for a change in stress, and consequent obscuring of the etymology, of Carlisle, which rightly bears the accent on the last and qualitative syllable. HERBERT MAXWELL.
I have just discovered a piece of evidence which makes it certain that, before the eleventh century, the suffix -ivelle in place- names had the meaning of field. In Domes- day the town of Duffield, nineteen miles from Tideswell, and in the same county, appears as Duuelle. Here the prefix is the woman's name Duuua, which occurs in Domesday, or Duua (a woman's name?), found once in the Durham l Liber Vitse.' The suffix -elle, for -ivelle, is translated by "field" in Duffield. Cold Wall, in Derbyshire, can only mean cold field. S. O. ADDY.
In support of DR. BRUSHFIELD'S contention that Tideswell was popularly named from the flowing and ebbing well situated there, I would draw attention to Joseph Hall's ' Mundus alter et idem,' published in 1607, and partially translated by Dr. King about a century later. Describing the fanciful country of Crapulia, he speaks of the hamlet of Mar- mitta as " watered by the river Livenza ;
