expression is a mere coincidence, or was derived from Severus from some written source. If the latter is the case, it would probably come from Menander, whose gnomic sayings were well known to the ecclesiastical writers of this time; but, if I knew where the Latin phrase is first found, I should have a better chance of tracing it to its source. I have tried several Latin lexicons and dictionaries of quotations without result. E. W. B.
Replies.
AMERICAN LOYALISTS.
(10ᵗʰ S. i. 269, 313.)
These were a long-suffering people. For a decade before the Revolution they had been tarred and feathered and otherwise ill-treated; after the outbreak of the war they were banished, their estates were confiscated, and they were thrown overboard in the treaty of peace. Yet two such ardent patriots as John Adams and Thomas McKean, both of whom signed the Declaration of independence, agreed in 1813-15, at which time the passions engendered by the war had somewhat subsided, that "full one third [of the American people] were averse to the Revolution" ('Works of J. Adams,' x. 63, 87, 110).
Much has been written about the Loyalists, though no exhaustive work on the subject has yet appeared. The following list comprises the chief books and articles of value:—
Davis, Andrew McF., The Confiscation of John Chandler's Estate (190 ).
Ellis, George E., The Loyalists and their Fortunes.—'Narrative and Critical History of America' (1888), vii. 185-214.
Flick, Alexander C., Loyalism in New York.—'Columbia University Studies in History, Economics, and Public Law' (1901), xiv. 1-281.
Ryerson, Adolphus E., Loyalists of America and their Times (1880)
Sabine, Lorenzo, American Loyalists (1842); and Biographical Sketches of the loyalists of the American Revolution (1864).
Tyler, Moses C., The Party of the Loyalists in the American Revolution.—American Historical Review, October, 1895, i. 24-45.
Van Tyne, Claude H., Loyalists in the American Revolution (1902).
Wilmot, John E., Historical View of the Commission for enquiring into the Losses, Services, and Claims of the American Loyalists (1815).
The followin extract, which is based on Wilmot's 'Historical View,' is taken from Prof. Van Tyne's book (pp. 301-3):—
"After the peace, over five thousand Loyalists submitted claims for losses, usually through agents appointed by the refugees from each American colony. In July of 1783 a Commission of five members was appointed by Parliament to classify the losses and services of the Loyalists. This Commission divided the Loyalists into six classes: (1) Those who had rendered services to Great Britain; (2) those who had borne arms against the Revolution; (3) uniform Loyalists; (4) Loyalists resident in Great Britain; (5) those who took oaths of allegiance to American states, but afterwards joined the British; (6) those who took arms with the Americans and later joined the English army and navy. They then examined the claims with an impartial and judicial severity which the Loyalists denounced as an inquisition …… The Commission sat at first in England, but soon realized that, to give fair opportunities to all classes of claimants, it would be necessary to go to them. Thereupon Dundee and Pemberton went to Nova Scotia, and John Anstey to New York. Between the years 1785 and 1789 these Commissioners sat in Halifax, St. John's, Quebec, and Montreal. In the whole course of their work they examined claims to the amount of forty millions of dollars, and ordered nineteen millions to be paid. At first the per cent. that was granted was not fixed, but later Pitt's plan was adopted, which fixed by schedule the per cent. of approved losses to be paid, giving greater consideration to the small losers than the great. If to the cost of establishing the Loyalists in Nova Scotia and Canada we add the compensations granted in money, the total amount expended by the British Government for their American adherents was at least thirty millions of dollars. There is every evidence that the greatest care that human ingenuity could devise was exercised to make all these awards in a fair and equitable manner."
In 1783 Parliament appointed a Commission to investigate the claims of the Loyalists. The Commissioners made twelve reports, which will be found among the proceedings of Parliament during the years 1783-1890, in which latter year the proceedings were wound up. The reports will doubtless be found in any of the large libraries which were in existence at the time. One of the Commissioners, John Eardley Wilmot, published a work, "Historical View of the Commission for Inquiry into the Losses, Services, and Claims of the American Loyalists, &c., with an Account of the Compensation granted to them by Parliament in 1785 and 1788. London, 1815." Avern Pardoe.
Easter Day by the Julian Reckoning (10ᵗʰ S. i. 324, 352).—If C. S. H. will kindly consult a Julian calendar for this year, he will see that by that reckoning D, C are the Dominical Letters. By the Gregorian reckoning, 1 January was a Friday and the first Sunday in the year was 3 January, so that C was the Sunday Letter until the end of
