10 s. x. AUG. i, 1908.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
81
LONDON, SATURDAY, AUGUST 1, 1008.
CONTENTS. No. 240.
NOTES : Bibliographical Technical Terms, 81 Genera Wade and his Roads, 83' Englands Parnassus,' 1600, 84 "Cardinal" of St. Paul's Greene's ' Menaphon,' 85 The Old Omnibuses Wych Street Recovery from Hang ing" Scaramouch "Marathon Runners, 86.
QUERIES : Johnsonians, a Religious Sect Malone Family Roses as Badges : Where Borne Seize Quartiers "Bnccado" Rev. Wm. Veitch, 87 Crows "crying against the rain" John Hickes, M.P. for Fowey 1701-8 Tiger Folk-lore and Pope Baptistery Font, Florence ' ' Merry England" The King's Old Bargehouse " Tenths ' and "Fifteenths," 88 Johnson's 'Tropical Climates' 'Pleasure digging his own Grave' Swimming Bath Swimming Stays Jacob Philadelphia" House of waran tyse" Townley Estates Lord Robert Gordon of the Scots Greys Chrystal Magna : Maylor Grange Budgee, a Kind of Ape" Cire perdue process," 89.
REPLIES : Dickens on " half -baptized "The Bonassus Wilkes's 'Essay on Woman,' 90 Deville " Whiff," a Boat St. Andrew's Cross, 91 George Henley of Bradley, Hants, 92 Rushlights W. Heath, Artist Old Tunes Hornsey : Highgate and Arabella Stuart, 93 Queen Caroline "Cock-foster" Edwards of Halifax " Charm- ing-Bells" for Bird -catching, 94 "Angel" of an Inn- Henry Ellison Wolston, 95 Wine used at Holy Com- munionVillage Mazes Sir Menasseh Massey Lopez, Bt. Fig Trees : Maturing Meat Samuel Richardson, 96 " Meschianza" Our Oldest Military Officer The Swedish Church, Prince's Square, St. George's-in-the-East Telling the Bees Early Law Terms, 97 Benedict Arnold- Steering- Wheel Willow-Pattern China : Story Inscribed Vigo Bay, 1702-19" Votes for Women "Fee Bowls, 98.
NOTES ON BOOKS:-' Coleridge's Literary Criticism' ' The Sacred Poets of the Nineteenth Century Evesham and the Neighbourhood.'
Booksellers' Catalogues.
BIBLIOGRAPHICAL TECHNICAL
TERMS.
BETWEEN the years 1847 and 1854 the celebrated French bibliographer Querard finished the publication of his most original work ' Les Supercheries litteraires devoilees.' In that for the first time he used what may be called technical bibliographical words, to distinguish the kind of fictitious name an author had used. Some were plain pseudonyms, but others contained the letters of the real name, though disguised, and it was possible to indicate the kind of pseudo-name by one technical word, in- stead of a phrase. Thus d'Erquar is an ana- gram of Querard. The word " anagram," signifying that the letters have been arbi- trarily inverted, has been in use for hundreds of years ; and thereore it comes natural to apply it to a pseudonym so composed.
Again, if a person were told that an author had written a book under the name of Werdna Retnyw, and that it was a pseudonym, no idea would be formed as to the real name of the author. Allibone calls Retnyw an anagram, which it is not
strictly ; but it brings us nearer than
" pseudonym." The word " ananym," used
for it in the ' Handbook of Fictitious Names,'
was too new for him td adopt. " Ananym "
at once tells those acquainted with the
technical words that Werdna Retnyw is
the author's name, Andrew Wynter, written
backwards.
The kind of pseudonym is expressed by one word instead of several. Thus with hundreds of names much repetition is obviated.
Although nine of these technical words are included in ' The Oxford English Dic- tionary ' (so far as published), Littre's ' Dictionnaire de la Langue fran9aise ' recognizes only three.
In a book in imitation of Querard' s ' Supercheries,' modestly described as ' 'Essai d'un Dictionnaire des Ouvrages anonymes et pseudonymes publics en Belgique, par un membre de la Societe des Bibliophiles beiges," Bruxelles, 1863, the author, Jules De Le Court, says :
" Je me suis abstenu de ces distinctions si nom- breuses et parfois si subtiles de Querard, telles que pseudonyme, pplyonyme, andronyme ...... qui a mon
avis sont parfaitement inu tiles."
Jules De Le Court was born in 1835, so that he was only twenty-eight when he began publishing his ' Essai,' which is a pseudonymous book, with the author's real name ! The only indication to its author is the initialism J. D. to the preface, but on the back of the half-title the author has signed " Jules De Le Court " to each of the hundred copies. At the end is a page (548) not printed until 1866 ; on this his name is in print. His name is second as one of the editors of Koninck's ' Biblio- graphie nationale (Beige),' and in the third volume (1897) he is described as
president de chambre a la Cour d'appel de Bruxelles."
I mentioned the * Essai ' in my c Hand-
ok of Fictitious Names,' p. xi. I did
- hen, and do still, consider that these
technical terms are sometimes useful in separating the pseudonym from the real name, and in several other cases.
But Querard began a second edition of
he * Supercheries,' and on the title he says
t will include authors who have hidden
hemselves under anagrams, asteronyms,
jryptonyms, &c., though in this second
edition he does not use either of these terms,
nor any of the others except pseudonym
and " nom de religion." Unfortunately
-his second edition is only a fragment inter-
upted by Querard's death.
