and Little Tosson, and Flotterton by performing "utware" ('Newminster Chartul.,' 117). This gift was confirmed by Ivo's son Walter, who gave in 1158 to Rievaulx half a ploughland in Folkton. It is uncertain when he succeeded his father Ivo, whom he did not long survive, for, having in 1162 rendered one mark of scutage in Northumberland, he probably died during that fiscal year. During the same year Ranulf son of Walter rendered in Yorkshire one mark of scutage, another mark being pardoned to Henry de Oilly. In 1165 the same Ranulf rendered account in Northumberland of one mark to the donum levied that year, and in Yorkshire paid 33s. 4d. of scutage upon 2½ knights' fees. Between 1167 and 1176 Beatrice, relict of Walter son of Ivo, and Ranulf her son confirmed to Rievaulx the gift made by Walter son of Ivo of half a ploughland in Folkton, a culture called Ravenesdale, and pasture for 1,000 sheep ('Rievaulx Chartul.,' 116-17, 170).
In making a return of his fees in 1166 Ranulf son of Walter says:—
"Know that my ancestors held of the King your grandfather the fees of my knights, and by your grace I now hold of you by the service or three knights and a third part of a knight."—'Red Book of the Exch.,' 434.
With Alice his daughter he gave in marriage to Henry son of Hervey all Mickleton, with the service of Guy de Bovincurt there and in Northumberland, and the service of Lonton and Thringarth with the forest of Lune, situate in the North Riding of Yorkshire, adjoining Westmorland on the west ('Reg. Hon. Richmond,' App. 58; 'Hist, of Gilling West,' 386). To Bridlington he confirmed two bovates of land given by Theobald son of Reinfred and William son of the said Theobald. In 1168 he rendered 44s. 5d. to the aid to marry the King's daughter; in 1172 he rendered 66s. 8d. of scutage due from three and a third fees; and in 1180 rendered account of 100l. because he had departed out of the realm without licence and to be quit of an amercement on account of one of his men for whom he had been surety. In 1182 he successfully defended a plea brought by Richard Malebisse, who claimed six ploughlands in Thornton (-le-Moor?). In 1190 he owed 2½ marks of the scutage of Wales, which were still due in 1194, in which year he had acquittance of 66s. 8d. of the scutage of Normandy in respect that his son William had been with the King in that campaign (Pipe Rolls). In 1196 he rendered to a scutage, and again in 1200 to that of Normandy. The date of his death is uncertain. Amabel his relict survived, and married Roger son of Hugh, who held in 1212 one knight's fee in Cowscliffe, co. Durham, which had been assigned to her in dower ('Testa de Nevill,' p. 395b).
In 1207 William son of Ranulf made an acknowledgment that he would render yearly to Gilbert de Gant one sor goshawk healthy and sound, to be delivered yearly at Hunmanby between the feasts of the Assumption and the Nativity of the Virgin, in respect of one ploughland which he held of Gilbert at Ellerton, near Pocklington ('Yorks. Fines,' 110). He died early in 1209, holding in Cumberland two vills in demesne and two in service for a cornage rent of 4l. per annum. The same year Robert de Vipont gave 500 marks and 5 palfreys in Cumberland to have wardship of the land of William son of Ranulf and his heirs, and the marriage of the heirs and of Heloise de Stutevill, who had been William's wife ('V.C.H. Cumb.,' i. 406; 'Red Book of the Exch.,' 493). In 1219-20 Thomas son of William son of Ranulf, was still in ward of Robert de Vipont, who had married him to his daughter Christiana; and in 1222 he had acquittance of a demand of 10 marks from the Barons of the Exchequer of the scutage of Poitou for the last expedition of King. John, as it had been shown that he was in that expedition with Robert de Vipont ('Close Roll,' Rec. Com., i. 519b). In 1245 a grant of a weekly market and yearly fair at Grey stoke was made to Thomas, son of William de Craystock ('Cal. Chart.,' i. 288). He was the first of his line to bear the local name for his surname. His death occurred in 1247.
BIBLIOGRAPHICAL TECHNICAL TERMS.
(See 10 S. x. 81, 484.)
Aristonym.—Title of nobility converted; into or used as a proper name; or in French taking the name of a place as a proper name.
Quérard's instance (S.L.D. vol. iv. 1852,. p. 628) is "Voltaire (de), aristonyme [F. M. Arouet 'de Voltaire']."
"Voltaire afterwards, with consummate impudence, prefixing the magic 'de' to impose himself upon the public as of noble descent" ('Of Anagrams,' by H. B. Wheatley, 1862, p. 70).
I have no English example. In England. there is nothing similar to the "de" in
