. ii. AUG. 20, 1904.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
1838.
Incorporate your Borough ! A letter to the Inhabi- tants of Manchester. By a Radical Reformer. Manchester, J. Gadsby [1838]. 8vo, pp. 16.- This tract, of which 5,000 copies were printed, led to the obtaining of a municipal charter for the Parliamentary borough of Manchester. It became excessively rare, and the only copy now known to be in existence is in the possession of Mrs. Jane Cobden Unwin. Several Man- chester collectors are known to have been looking for this tract, unsuccessfully, for many years past. Two may be mentioned, father and son, who vainly have searched for a copy since 1852 ! Mrs. Cobden Un win's copy had a place of honour in the Old Manchester Exhibition of the present year.
1841.
Speech of Mr. Alderman Cobden, at the Town Council [of Manchester], on proposing a Reso- lution to petition both Houses of Parliament for the Total and Immediate Repeal of the Corn Law. (From the Manchester Times, April 3, 1841.) Manchester, Prentice & Cath- rall. A folio broadsheet.
Total Repeal. Speech in the House of Commons, Mayl5[1841]. Manchester. 8vo, pp. 8. M.F.L.
1845.
Is Cobden a Traitor for speaking and voting for the Education of Priests ? And ought the League to be broken up? By a Lancashire Banker. Second edition. London, Cleave. [Manchester, printed by James Kiernan. 8vo, pp. 16. 1845.]
1846.
Lines in celebration of the Grand Free Trade Festival, 3rd August, 1846. By Robert Dibb, the Wharfdale Poet. Printed during the progress of the Grand Free Trade Procession by Metcalfe & La vender... Manchester. A pic- torial broadside, containing a view of the birth- place of Cobden.
1848.
An Account Current of the Cobden National tribute Fund to April 29th, 1848. [Manchester, pp.15.] M.F.L.
1853.
1793 and 1853. Manchester, reprinted by Alexander Ireland. 1853. 8vo, pp. 23.
1865.
A New Song to the Memory of R. Cobden, Esq., M.P. A street ballad. It is reprinted in 'Curiosities of Street Literature,' London, Reeves & Turner, 1876. 1903.
The Political Writings of Richard Cobden. Lon- don, T. Fisher Unwin. 2 vols. With portrait of Cobden from a favourite photograph by Adolphe Beau, and an engraving of the meeting of the Council of the Anti-Corn Law League from J. R. Herbert's picture. 1904.
Cobden's Work and Opinions. By Lord Welby and Sir Louis Mallet. London, T. Fisher Unwin, 1904. 8vo, pp. 48. This is the preface to the 'Political Writings,' 1903, with the omission of a few phrases.
On Cobden's ancestry, see 'N. & Q.,' 7 th S. xi. 426, 510. In May, 1837, Cobden wrote and published
a pamphlet on * National Education.' It was
a reprint of a letter which appeared in the 1
Manchester Guardian, but no copy of the
tract is known.
We do not usually associate the name, honoured in other directions, of Joseph Hume with bibliography, but he had the good sense to understand the historic value of pamphlet and other ephemeral literature,, and wrote to the Anti-Corn Law League, a letter, printed in the Manchester Guardian, 16 Dec., 1842, in which he said :
'I am desirous to have the proceedings of the Anti-Corn-Law League placed on record ; and I request, for that purpose, that you would appoint? some two members of your committee, or the
up to this time, and to give directions that a copy
of every paper and document henceforth printed
be preserved and sent to me ; and I will have
them bound and presented to the British Museum*
there to remain a proof of the efforts made to
procure free trade in food," &c.
Was this intention carried into effect ?
WILLIAM E. A. AXON.
"SANGUIS": ITS DERIVATION.
(See 10 th S. i. 462, 515.)
I MAY remind the reader that I am endea- vouring in these papers to connect a//.a and sanguis. As there is no philological obstacle in the way of that connexion, the probability of it, on various grounds, is so great as ta outweigh any theoretical origin from in- dependent roots. When examining IX<*>P & n d suggesting its connexion with Lat. vigor and W. givaed, I should have been glad to find the suggestion countenanced by the- identification of Eng. sap and sanguis. But I could not see my way to that identification, . for the labialization of the Indo-European root sak- presupposes a fuller form sakv-, and it is an elementary fact in Indo-European philology that the Teutonic languages do not labialize the velar guttural. If, therefore*. Eng. sap comes from the root sak-, it must have been borrowed from a non-Teutonic source in a form already labialized ; and in that case the probability is that the vowel would have become i (as we find in Sif, the name of Thor's golden-haired wife).
The group of Latin words connected with sanguis contains sagus, sagana, Sancus, sancio sacer, sdgio, among others. Of these " others," perhaps the most interestingis sagmen, which Lewis and Short, in their 'Dictionary,' most absurdly connect with the Greek o-arrw, not deeming Festus's derivation from sancio even worth notice. The minute account that has
