NOTES AND QUERIES. [io* s. n. JULY 2,
word seems to me to be precisely the O.F.
bonne, "tuyau, canal" (Roquefort); from
O.F. boune, " borne " (Koquefort) ; probably a
misprint or misspelling for bonne. In Picard
and Normandy and in the Rouchi dialect
the E. word bourne, a boundary, limit, F.
borne, appears as bonne; see Moisy and
Hecart. As to the sense, the gully or chine
is a bonne" i.e., is bounded or limited by its
two sides or edges ; hence the senses of
channel, canal, aqueduct, culvert, and the
like. WALTER W. SKEAT.
In the 'Evidence before the Hull Dock Committee,' 1840, p. 146, mention is made of timber being taken into a pond by a "bunney." The 'N.E.D.' quotes only from Black more, in 1873. W. C. B.
Annandale in his ' Imperial Dictionary ' avs that in tin and copper mines a great collection of ore without any vein coming into or going out from it is so called.
I have also heard it applied to the stone slab or rough stone arch thrown over a narrow watercourse, such as a ditch or land drain, where it has to be crossed by a foot- way or by-road.
EVERARD HOME COLEMAN. 71, Brecknock Road.
"THERE'S NOT A CRIME," &c. (10 th S. i. 508). These lines are in the Third Book of Mrs. Browning's ' Aurora Leigh.'
WALTER B. KINGSFORD.
United University Club.
COLD HARBOUR (10 th S. i. 341, 413, 496). The balance of opinion is certainly in favour of the explanation "cold harbour," but this is very far from meeting all the circumstances, and to my mind is far from satisfactory Quite certainly Cold Harbours are by no means always on Roman or important high- ways, and there is, I believe, no direct evidence of the existence of such harbourages
S g y are certainl y not impossible
There is another suggested derivation, from Colhs Arborum, the hill of trees, that has suffered from its appearing too simple to be true. A little while ago I saw reference 1 think in an account of a motor race, to a place in France called Col d'Arbres. if this be a genuine old name, it would seem to settle the question, a* the German or Flemish
kalt herbergh might very well be a per- version of the Roman word.
.1 suppose that a French gazetteer would pve references to the name, and the matter is certainly worth investigation. Any one with an eye for landscape knows that a wooded hill is by no means a frequent
object; indeed, clumps of trees are among the
best-known landmarks. The Romans, who
introduced so many trees, might very well
have planted them as landmarks, or even for
the purpose of growing timber.
RALPH NEVILL, F.S.A. Guildford.
FLAYING ALIVE (9 th S. xii. 429, 489 ; 10 th S. i. 15, 73, 155, 352). One of the most notable cases of flaying alive was that of Marcantonio Bragadino, who with Astorre Baglione com- manded the garrison of Fainagusta, and withstood the Turks for a year. Compelled by famine and fatigue, the generals capitu- lated on favourable terms inter alia, that the garrison should march out with all the military honours, and be supplied with proper vessels to transport them to Crete.
Mustapha Pasha, however, broke his word. Baglione and others were murdered. Braga- dino was reserved for special torture and death. Here is one account of his suffer- ings :
" His nose and ears being cut off, he was rolled together like a ball, and crammed into a hole, scarce wide enough to hold him in that painful attitude ; then he was taken out that he might not expire too soon, and forced to kiss the ground upon which the ruffian Pasha trod: They afterwards tied him naked to the yard's arm of one of their gallies, that he might be exposed to the scoffs and ridicule of the spectators ; and at last, when they found that he could not live much longer, he was hung up by one heel and flead alive. During the whole progress of these torments, he was never once seen to shrink : a circumstance which stung the brutal mussulman to the soul. His skin was salted, stuffed, dried, and placed in the arsenal at Constantinople."' Travels through different cities of Germany, Italy, Greece, and several parts of Asia,' by Alexander Drummond, Esq., His Majesty's Consul at Aleppo, London, 1754, Letter vi. or about.
I take the above from " Excerpta Cypria. Translated and transcribed by Claude Dela- val Cobham. Nicosia, Herbert E. Clarke, 1895," p. 188 et seq.
In the same book (p. 97) is an account of the death of Bragadino, which differs a little from the above. It is from chap. xvi. of "Itinerarium Hierosolymitanum et Syria- cum, Auctore loanne Cotovico," published at Antwerp "Apud Hieronvmum Verdussium MDCXIX.," translated by Mr. Cobham. Van Kootwyck (otherwise Cotovicus) omits the rolling up like a ball, the cramming into the hole, the forcing to kiss the ground, the tying to the yardarm, and the hanging up by the heel, but adds that Mustapha ordered the skin to be stuffed with straw, hung on a mast, and so taken to Constantinople.
"After many years had passed his brother and sons bought it for a great price, carried it to
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