. ii. OCT. 1,190*.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
265
The Christian Doctrine, or the Doctrine of Chris-
tians, with its short Explanation : with Questions
and Answers, taken from Father Astete's Booklet.
At the end some things which are necessary for
Salvation of Souls. Father Augustin Cardaberaz,
of the Company of Jesus, offers and dedicates the
whole to the Lords Curates and Schoolmasters.
The date and place of printing are not indi- cated ; but the book resembles others of the same author produced by Antonio Castilla in Irufia i.e , Pamplona (formerly Pompi- lona). Moreover, Don J. M. Bernaola, Pres- bytero, who resides in Durango (where he last year discovered some interesting notes one of them in Baskish in the handwriting of Juan Zumarraga, not De Zumarraga, the first Bishop of Mexico, inside some books which that eminent octogenarian had given to the convent of Franciscan nuns), noticed that on p. 101 there is a clue to the date in the words at the foot, which mean, " Our own king has taken last year, with the benedictions and indulgences of the Holy Father, Most Holy Mary in her pure conception for patroness in all Spain." He points out that that act took place in 1761, and that the book was there- fore written, if not published, in 1762 ; and farther that it must be the edition (evidently the first) mentioned in a list of Baskish books by Zabala, the best of Biscayan gram- marians. No mention of this edition is to be found in M. J. Vinson's bibliography. It is especially interesting as showing that Car- daberaz, who was a Guipuzcoan, born at Hernani, near Donostian, had learnt to write very well in Biscayan. The dialects of the two adjoining provinces differ almost as much as Portuguese and Castilian. The book ends with the words: "Erri guztietaco modura, ta gucien gustora Libru batean escribitcea, ecin izango dan gauza da. Laus Deo " i.e., " To write in one book after the manner of all the districts, and to the liking of all (men), is the thing which will be impossible. Praise to God." The praise, it is to be pre- sumed, is not offered because of the immense dialectal and orthographical diversity that writers in Baskish have to face, now as in the eighteenth century, but for the successful conclusion of the little volume in spite of that obstacle. EDWARD S. DODGSON.
VlCAR EXECUTED FOR WITCHCRAFT. John
Lowes (or Loes), vicar of Brandeston, was executed for witchcraft in 1646 (see 8 th S. ix. 223). He was of St. John's College, Cam- bridge, B.A. 1593/4, M.A. 1597. Sir Matthew Hale seems to have felt no compunction for his share in a like tragedy ; Bishop Burnet, in his life of the judge, does not so much as mention the incident. In our time the
belief in witchcraft has been revived. See
Friedrich Nippold, 'Kleine Schriften zur
inneren Geschichte des Katholizismus,' ii.
(Jena, 1899), article vii. pp. 136-83, who
cites a controversy in the Hastings and
St. Leonard's News, which began on
19 November, 1875. See, on the whole
question, the following :
H. Ch. Lea, * History of the Inquisition of the Middle Ages,' iii. (1887) pp. 379 sea.
A. Lehmann, * Aberglauoe und Zauberei von den altesten Zeiten bis zur Gegenwart ' (1898).
Joseph Hansen, ' Zauberwahn, Inquisition und Hexenprozess im Mittelalter und die Entstehung dergrossen Hexen-Verfolgung,' "HistorischeBiblio- thek," Band XII. (Miinchen und Leipzig, R. Oldenbourg, 1900).
Graf von Hoensbroech, * Das Papstthum in seiner sozial-kulturellen Wirksamkeit, I. 3 Inquisition, Aberglaube, Teufelspuk und Hexenwahn ' ( Leipzig, Breitkopf & Hiirtel, 1901), Book III. pp. 380-599 ; Book IV. pp. 661-99.
Gustav Roskoff, 'Geschichte des Teuf els ' (Leip- zig, 1869), vol. ii. pp. 206-364.
J. Buchmann, ' Unfreie und freie Kirche in ihren Beziehungen zum Damonismus' (Breslau, 1873).
And. Dickson White, * A History of the Warfare of Science with Theology in Christendom ' (London, Macmillan, 1896, 2 vols.).
Many books are cited by Zockler in his article ' Hexen und Hexenprozesse ' (" Real- encyklopadie fur protestantische Theologie
und Kirche, begriindet von J. J. Herzog
herausgegeben von D. Albert Hauck," viii 3 . (Leipzig, J. C. Hinrichs, 1900), pp. 30-6.
JOHN E. B. MAYOR.
Cambridge.
"!N PURIS NATURALIBUS." A peculiar use of this well-known phrase is found in Richard Holt's * Short Treatise of Artificial Stone ' (London, 1730), p. 39. He has been speaking of the faulty character of the clay- ware commonly called potters' ware, and of the cheating ways resorted to by potters to make their goods saleable. He goes on :
" I 'm ready to detect and lay open this great fraud, as becomes an honest man ; and for my own part, am resolved, if possible, to prevail with such gentlemen, as favour me with their commissions, to be present, as well as myself, at the drawing of the kilns; that they may see their goods, in punt naturalibM, and as they come out of the fire.
C. DEEDES. Chichester.
ARAGO ON NEWTON. In the third volume- of Arago's * Notices Biographiques ' is given, (p. 335) the following story about Newton, which is copied into the great philosopher's- life in the thirty - seventh volume of the 4 Nouvelle Biographic Generale' :
" J'ai appris de Lord Brougham, que pendant la guerre dea Cevennes, Newton s'etait prepare a aller combattre dans les rangs des Caimsards les
