s. in. APRIL s, loos.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
261
LOXDON, SATURDAY, APRIL 8, 1905.
CONTENTS.-No. 67.
NOTES : Diamond Jubilee of 'The Newspaper Press Directory,' 261 The late R. S. Charnock. 262' Directions to Churchwardens,' 2rf4 'Love's Labour's Lost' : its Date
Dean Swift and the Irish Stage, 265 "Voivode" Russian Names, 263 Colosseum r. Coliseum The Leicar- ragan Verb Sir Thomas Browne's Epitaph Henry Ballowe Pillion, 267.
QUERIES : Inscription on Tomb of Constantine the Great Satan's Autograph Date of the Creation Tigernacus Du Barri 'My Cousin's Tale of a Cock and a Bull' Privilege and Sacrilege, 268 Author of Quotation Wanted
Bp. Richard Cox Cureton'g Multanis Croker's Panto- mimes Wesley and the Wig Shorter : Walpole Groves Family Holbornand Bloomsbury, 269 Langley Meynell : Sir Robert Francis Rowse or Rous of Cransford House of Anjou, 270.
RBPLIES : Thomas Cooper, 270 "An old woman went to market," 271 Scotch Words and English Commentators
" Parkers "Hamlet Watling Luther Family, 272 'Index of Arena; ->lgical Papers 'Balances or Scales "Undertaker," 273 Rocque's and Horwood's Maps of London Flying Bridge Small Parishes Raleigh's ' His- toric of the World,' 274 Willesden : the Place-name- Bibliographical Notes on Dickens and Thackeray Shake- speare's Pall-bearers Woolmen in the Fifteenth Century, 275 American Place-names " Vicariate " " St. George to save a maid ""Bright Chanticleer" Christopher Smart and the Madhouse ' D.N.B.' and 'Index and Kpitome,' 276 Abbey of St. Valery-sur-Somme Windsor Castle Sentry Caledonian Coffee - house Names of Letters Sir Harry Bath: Shotover, 277 Dickens or Wilkie Collins? 278.
NOTES ON BOOKS : Charles and Mary Lamb's Works Madame D'Arblay's Diary 'Mediseval Lore from Bartho- lomew Anglicus ' 'Dirr's Egyptian-Arabic Grammar' ' Model Library of Foreign Theology ' ' National Gal- lery of British Art ' ' Ben Jonson and " The Bloody Brother " ' ' The Photo-Miniature 'Reviews and Maga- zines.
DIAMOND JUBILEE OF 'THE NEWSPAPER
PRESS DIRECTORY. 1
(See ante, p. 241.)
AT first paper-makers looked coldly upon the use of esparto, and in 1860 Mr. Thomas Routledge was the only paper-maker using it ; but it gradually became adopted, Mr. Edward Lloyd, the founder of Lloyd's News, being among the earliest to use it. Now, owing to improved methods, straw, wood pulp, and other materials have been largely introduced, and these methods have enabled the common sorts of paper to be produced at the present low rates. But for books of reference, and works of permanent value, the higher-priced papers must still be used, as the cheaper kinds are not satisfactory. The Society of Arts published in 1898 a report of a committee on the deterioration of paper, which suggested that works of a per- manent character should be printed on paper consisting of not less than 70 per cent, of rag.
There are two interesting articles on the press in the ' Directory,' one written by the veteran Sir Edward Russell, and the other by Sir Alfred Harmsworth, "one of the younger men engaged in the making of
newspapers." Like all successful men lie is
an optimist, and no one can doubt that lie
is right when he says: "The future of the
daily press grows brighter every year. As a
record of the world's history it is well on the
road towards perfection ; while its educative
influence is greater to-day than it has ever
been in the past." Of the London daily
papers the oldest is The Morning Post,
established 1772 ; The Times comes next, 1785,
followed by The Morning Advertiser, 1794.
The first daily established in the nineteenth
century was The Daily Xews, 1846. Of the
weekly papers only six have exceeded the
three score and ten limit : The Weekly Dis-
patch, 1801 ; The Lancet. 1823 ; The Athe-
noeum, January, 1828 ; The Record, January,
1828 (formerly issued three times a week) ; The
Spectator, July, 1828 ; The Broad Arrow, 1833.
Not the least interesting portion of this
'Directory' is that devoted to our Colonial
Press, in which a sketch is given of its early
struggles. While the friends of the press
were fighting for freedom here a hard
struggle preceded the emancipation of the
press in almost every colony. The censorship
was a privilege which Colonial Governors
Earted with reluctantly, and freedom had to e almost torn from their grasp. The first newspaper started in British North America was The Halifax Gazette, on the 23rd of March, 1752. Its projector was Bartholomew Green, son of the publisher of the celebrated Boston yews Letter, the first newspaper pub- lished in America. The opening number of the Gazette had only three advertisements, one of these referring to some negro slaves who were for sale in Halifax. The second Canadian paper was The Quebec Gazette, started 21st June, 1764. Its first number contained the news "that the House of Commons intended to tax the American Colonies." The oldest paper existing in Canada is The Montreal Gazette, founded June 3rd, 1778. It owed its origin " to a belief on the part of the American Revolutionary party that the French Canadians could be won over to support the rebel States." Under this im- pression Benjamin Franklin was supplied with a printing-press, in order to appeal to the inhabitants of Lower Canada by its means.
Australia has now close upon a thousand newspapers, and in no part of the world is the press more powerful. When Governor Phillip took possession in 1788, and estab- lished Sydney, he brought with him from England a printing-press; but as no one had any knowledge of the black art, it was ten years before his proclamations
