io" s. v. JAN. 27, 1906.) NOTES AND QUERIES.
lished at 13s. Qd., half-bound 9s.," with a
notice of it from The European Magazine, but
without a date. One asks now : Where is
The European Magazine of the years 1808-15
to be seen, and in which number is the notice
of 'Rebecca' contained 1 E. S. DODGSON.
GRINDLETON (10 th S. v. 10). In all cases of
6 'ace-names evidence is better than guess. Grindleton can, by evidence, be connected with Greendale, it would be best to allow that connexion, seeing that Greendale would most easily pass into Grindle by ordinary euphonic laws. For we know that Green- wich is pronounced Grin'ich, and that the dale in Tyndal (Tynedale) is pronounced as if it were Tindle.
Every reader of 'Beowulf soon discovers that two-thirds of the poem Concern Grendel, who is not a human being at all, but a horrible dumb monster who dwelt near a morass the very last creature to found a town, or to have a town named after him. Even if it had been, the name would have been Grinders-ton ; you cannot get rid of the genitivai s when possession is implied.
All the place-names connected with Grendel are remote from human dwellings, by the nature of the case ; I find at least five ex- amples in Birch's ' Cartularium.' These are : (1) Grendeles pytt, Grendel's pit, noted as being near a marsh (Birch, i. 177) (2, 3) Grendeles mere, Grendel's mere (B. ii. 364, iii. 223) ; (4) Grindeles sylle, Grendel's mire or slough (B. iii. 189) ; (5) Grindles bee, Grindel's beck or stream (B. iii. 588). These pits, meres, sloughs, and becks were doubt- less lonely and dreary ; for Grendel prac- tically connotes a demon, as when we say the "Devil's Punchbowl."
WALTER W. SEE AT.
I collected the following variants, viz., Grindle, Devon and Salop ; Grendelbruch, Elsass ; Grindelwald, Berne ; Grundel, Styria. Though the vowels vary, the root is identical. So far as the " Devil and his darn" in 'Beowulf ' goes, the analogy is with a fetid swamp, a sort of cesspool. A. H.
"SMITH" IN LATIN (10 th S. iv. 409, 457; v. 13). Miss Beryl Faber has latinized her own maiden name of Smith ; her brother is the well-known character- actor Mr. Aubrey Smith. S. J. A. F.
ENNOBLED ANIMALS (10 th S. v. 7). Cali- gula's horse Incitatus had a house and servant, and was admitted to the college of his priests ; but it does not appear that he was in fact ever made consul. Extravagant honour >vas also paid by the Emperor Verus
to his horse Volucris. Probably both these
emperors were not unmindful of the founda-
tion of Bucephala by Alexander in honour
of Bucephalus. JOHN B. WAINEWRIGHT.
PIG : SWINE : HOG (10 th S. iv. 407, 449 r 510, 536). The proverbial expression "obsti- nate as a pig" was used by Garrick (died 1779), as stated in Langton's recollections of Johnson given in Boswell at the beginning of 1780 (Birkbeck Hill's edition, iv. 17). It would be interesting to know in which of Garrick's works the expression occurs.
In conversation on 6 April, 1775 (Hill's ' Boswell,' ii. 344), Johnson used the word "pigs" in the sense recorded in his dic- tionary.
Byron, in his letter to Murray on Bowles's ' Strictures on the Life and Writings of Pope ' (dated Ravenna, 7 Feb., 1821), wrote : "They might have heard the poetical winds howling through the chinks of a pig-sty, or the garret window." L. Ii. M. STRACHAN.
Heidelberg, Germany.
Let us not forget a familiar example of "swine" as a singular in Proverbs xi. 22: "As a jewel of gold in a swine's snout, so is a fair woman which is without discretion."
ST. S WITHIN.
SOUBISE, BLACK PAGE (10 th S. iv. 529). FITZ- ALLEN seeks information with regard to- the death of Soubise in Calcutta, when Memory Middleton resided there. There are many references to Middleton in Col. Malle- son's life of Warren Hastings ; also in Capt. Trotter's life of Hastings (" Rulers of India"),, and in Busteed's ' Echoes of Old Calcutta.'
Middleton represented the English Govern- ment at the Court of Oudh in 1773. Owing to differences of opinion between him and Col. Champion as to the amount due from, the Nawab-Wazir for assistance rendered him by English troops, the subject was sub- mitted to the Council held in Calcutta on- 25 Oct., 1774, immediately on the arrival of Philip Francis, the reputed author of the letters of Junius. As a result, Middleton was recalled, and remained in Calcutta till 22 Dec., 1776, when he was restored to his former position as Resident at Lucknow, bufc in consequence of his negligence in pressing the Nawab of Oudh to pay his debts to the East India Company, he was severely cen- sured by Warren Hastings in August, 1782,. and deprived of his appointment. In all probability, Middleton returned to England ; for Hastings in a letter to his wife in Eng- land, dated 13 Aug., 1784, from Lucknow, writes : "Be on your guard both with Richard
