402
NOTES AND QUERIES. [io s. VIL MAY 25, 1007.
Banwell the church derived its largest in-
come from the gifts of " Hogglers," the item
constantly recurring " Venditio et ? incre-
mentum forinsecum de la hogeling." The
" Hogeling " in that parish was divided into
the Upland" and "Marshland." The
words " Venditio ad incrementum " bid us
believe, says the editor, that there was a
common stock running on common lands,
on the hill and in the moor, in which the
Church had rights ; and that the stock was
husbanded and the rights made productive
by a band of working-men, who thus made
a contribution to the church funds. In
another note Bishop Hobhouse states that
the " Hogglers " were the lowest order of
labourer with spade or pick, in tillage or in
minerals ; but the earliest evidence that
he adduces for this use is from a speech by
the sister of Hannah More. In local idiom
he finds that the word " hoggle " has a
contemptuous application ; e.g., " You might
hoggle them potatoes but you can't dig
them ! "
In the churchwardens' accounts of Min- chinhampton " Hogling money " is a fre- quent source of revenue. The editor, John Bruce, F.S.A., takes this to have been a customary payment made by the sheep- farmers of the parish for their " hoglings " or " hoggets " (that is, he says, their sheep of the second year).
According to the ' N.E.D.,' " hog," a word of uncertain origin, was applied both to pig and to lamb, the sense of yearling appear- ing to prevail.
In conjunction with the foregoing sugges- tions I venture to submit to philologists ar idea of my own : that the root-notion of al the terms under consideration is high, and that the " Hoggeners " were originally as a class hill-men, whether as herdsmen or miners, or both. Dufresne and other die tionaries give " Hoga, a hill " (cf. " Hoga d< Cosdone " in the Dartmoor Forest Per ambulations). In Halliwell I find " Hoggan lag a miner's bag, wherein he carries hi: provisions (Cornw.)." Wright's ' Prov. Diet, gives " Hoggle, to take up from the ground like potatoes " (which might perhaps ori ginally have referred to work with a pick) The 'N.E.D.' states that the conjectur* that M.E. hog represented Cornish hoch Welsh hwch, swine, is improbable on phoneti and other grounds. Is it possible that i might have been derived from hoga, hil and have designated animals that wer allowed to roam freely on the hills, like th Dartmoor cattle and ponies ?
ETHEL LEGA-WEEKES.
OBSOLETE ENGLISHGAMES.
(See ante, p. 361.)
Pale Maille or Pall Mall is described in
Halliwell's ' Glossary ' as a game wherein a round bowle is with a mallet truck through a high arch of iron, standing at ither end of an alley, which he that can do at the ewest strokes, or at the number agreed on, wins." trutt says it was fashionable in the reign of Charles II., and the
walk in St. James's Park, now called The Mall eceived its name from having been appropriated
the purpose of playing at Mall, when Charles nd his courtiers exercised themselves in this >astime."
Fames I. laid down a set of rules for his Idest son Prince Henry, and would have lim use " moderately such exercises as archerie, pella-mela, and such like fair and )leasant field games." Pepys in his diary,
1 April, 1661, makes this entry :
To St. James's Park, where I saw the Duke of York playing at Pele-Mele, the first time that ever '. saw the sport " ; and on 4 Jan., 1663, he writes :
- To St. James's Park seeing people play at
?ell-Mell, where it mightily pleased me to hear a gallant, lately come from France, swear at one of lis companions for suffering his man to be so saucy as to strike a ball, while his master was playing on the Mall."
Primero. Nares in his ' Glossary ' state* that by some this game is said " to be one of the oldest known in England." It is a card ame, and was fashionable in the age of hakespeare. In 'Henry VIIL,' V. i., Sir Thomas Lovell asks Gardiner, Bishop of Winchester, " Come you from the King, my Lord ? " to whom the Bishop replies, " I did, Sir Thomas, and left him at primero, with the Duke of Suffolk " ; and in ' The Merry Wives of Windsor,' IV. v., Falstaff says : "I never prospered since I forswore myself at primero." The mode of playing this curious game is described in Nares, in Drake's ' Shakspeare and his Tunes,' and also in Strutt's ' Sports and Pastimes/ Ben Jonson in ' The Alchemist,' II. i. (1610), refers to it : " Give me your honest trick, yet, at primero or gleek."
Dyce in his ' Glossary ' to Shakspeare, p. 379, quotes from Minsheu's dialogues (1617) where some fine gentlemen play at primero : " What is the sum that we play for ? Two shillings, and eight shillings rest ; then shuffle the cards well."
Howell, ' Epistolse Ho-Elianse,' p. 20,.
writes to Lord Colchester on 1 Feb., 1623 :
" The Spaniard is given to gaming ; their common
game at cards is pnmera, at which the king never
