ii s. x. OCT. 10, 1914.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
281
LONDON. SATURDAY, OCTOBER 10, 19U.
CONTENTS.-No. 250.
NOTES : France and England Quarterly, 281 The Hidage of Essex, 2S2 Holcroft Bibliography, 284 Dickens and Yarmouth Pottery. 286 " Rent " = Place rented " Morall " in ' Midsummer Night's Dream ' Benjamin D'Israeli the Elder at Stoke Newington K. Zouche and the Plays ' The Sophister ' and ' Fallacy,' 287" Hooligan " " Cannuk," 288.
OUERIPS : Foundation Sacrifice Da Ruvijnes Prophecy of 1814' Life of Shaw the Lifeguardsman 'Robinson of Appleby " We " or " I " in Authorship, 288 Wilkins : Hautenville : Rawdon Origin of Street-Names Father John of Cronstadt Germans and the Bayonet ' Love or Pride? ' a Novel Giles Geffry or Gefferay : " Bachelor Gyles " Soldiers' Uniform : Khaki Walter Bageho Richard of Cirencester, 289 Cullompton Bells Jemima Nicholas Author Wanted Robert Waller, 290.
REPLIES : Site of the Globe Theatre, 290" Sparrow- grass" Skye Terriers, 291 Sir John Gilbert, J. F. Smith, and 'The London Journal' Fielding's 'Tom Jones': its Geography, 292 Sack and "the usual words," 293 Admiral Lord Rodney Handel's 'Har- monious Blacksmith,' 294 Loseley MSS. and Louvain Groom of the Stole The First Philosopher and th* Olympic Games, 295 Epitaph: "I was well" French Poetess of Foreign Descent " Accidents will occur in
the best regulated families " ' The Coming K ,' Ac.
"Perisher": "Cordwainer," 296 Dr. Allen, ob. 1679 Patron Saint of Pilgrims' The Diary of Lady Willough- foy'_St. Pancras, 297 " Frap " " The Hero of New Orleans" Latin Jingles "I am the only running foot- man "Foreign Tavern Signs The Irish Volunteers, 298.
UOTES ON BOOKS : ' The Scots Peerage 'American and West Indian State Papers Descriptive Catalogue of the Jackson Collection 'The Burlington.'
Booksellers' Catalogues.
OBITUARY : Charles Edward Doble.
Notices to Correspondents.
FRANCE AND ENGLAND
QUARTERLY.
THE present alliance between France and England suggests to me how fitting to the occasion it would be if the fleurs-de-lis still rermined in the British Royal arms. Fur- ther, I venture to think that the cessation of their use early in the nineteenth century originated in a misunderstanding of the cir- cumstances under which they were first added to the lions of England.
It is commonly said (see Froissart's 4 Chronicle,' ch. xliii.) that Edward III., in the thirteenth year of his reign, began to bear the arms of France quarterly with those of England to symbolize his claim to the throne of France. If a claim by England to sovereignty over France were, indeed, the true meaning of the addition of the
lilies to the English coat, no one would
wish to revive the practice ; but there is,
I think, very good reason to believe that
the popular idea on the subject is erroneous,
and that Edward III. quartered the lilies
and lions, not from the point of view of a
would-be conqueror, but simply because
that quartered shield was, in fact, his by
descent and by the ordinary rules of heraldry.
Again, if a claim to the French crown
was intended by Edward to be symbolized,
why were the lilies given precedence over
the lions of England by being placed in the
first and fourth quarters, instead of in the
second and third, or, even more correctly,
on a shield of pretence ?
It must be remembered that it was only in the first half of the fourteenth century that quartered coats became at all common. There are cases of quartered shields very early in the fourteenth century, and even late in the thirteenth century, but they are rare ; and therefore we need not be sur- prised that the predecessors of Edward III., from Henry II. onwards, had not thought of quartering together the lilies and lions.
A very little consideration shows that France and England quarterly or rather, one should say, Anjou (not France) and England quarterly was the proper coat of Henry II. and his descendants. Henry II., as son of Geoffrey, Count of Anjou, would had quartering been common in his time have placed the gold lilies in a blue field (the arms of Anjou) in the first quarter of his shield, exactly as was afterwards done by Edward III. ; and although Edward III. did, in fact, claim the French crown, there seems to be no necessity to attribute his assumption of the Angevin lilies to such claim. The coat of Anjou was his proper paternal coat, and, heraldically, he was quite right to quarter it with the lions of England as he did.
If this view be correct, it follows that there is no reason why the old coat of France should not be restored to the British Royal arms, and borne quarterly with England, as it was prior to 1801. Such a restoration would, under present conditions, be a graceful recognition couched in heraldic language of the entente cordiale, and would, in spite of the fact that the lilies are no longer used by France, be appreciated by the French people as a symbol of that centuries-long connexion between France and England which has really existed, though not always popularly understood. F. SYDNEY EDEN.
