352
NOTES AND QUERIES. [n s. m. MAY 6, 1911.
exists in the arms of the Archbishops of
Armagh and of Dublin, Armagh having four
crosses like Canterbury, and Dublin five like
York. There is a further difference in
that in the two English sees the shaft of the
crosier or staff is or, and the cross pa tee at
the top is argent, whilst in the two Irish
sees these tinctures are reversed.
A reference to the excellent illustrations in colour of these arms in the late Rev. Dr. Woodward's important work on ' Ecclesi- astical Heraldry ' (1894) will show this more clearly. But in his reading, or heraldic description, of the arms of the see of Canter- bury (p. 172) the learned author wrongly interprets the tinctures of the crosier as given in the illustration (plate xx. fig. 1), which he transposes. And this is impliedly so in the case of those of York, which are in this respect the same. At least both cannot be correct. Boutell in his descrip- tion of them in * Heraldry, Historical and Popular' (1864), p. 358, confirms the illustration.
In recording the present arms used by the see of York Gules, two keys addorsed in saltire, the wards upwards, argent, in chief a royal crown proper Dr. Woodward con- firms what ST. SWITHIN has stated, namely, that these bearings appear as early as the seal of Archbishop Robert Waldby (1397-8), though the crown, he states, is more pro- perly the Papal tiara ; and he goes on to say that the same archbishop had, how- ever, the ancient arms impaling his personal coat. These ancient arms were : Azure, a crosier or episcopal staff in pale argent, ensigned with a cross patee or, surmounted by a pall throughout, edged and fringed gold, and charged with five crosses patee fitchees sable.
Dr. Woodward makes no reference to any earlier date for the assumption of a fcrm of the later arms, as suggested by ST. S WITHIN' s reference to The Windsor Magazine for October last, namelv, temp. Edward I.
When the pallium arms were first used by the see of York is not known, but the almost identical ones of Canterbury are stated by Dr. Woodward (p. 172) to appear first on the seal of Archbishop Simon Islip (1349- 1366) ; so that unless these ancient arms were borne by the see of York (which is the oldest see in England) earlier than this date, the period during which they lasted could not have been very long.
Boutell puts the change at a much later date, namely, not until the Reformation, for he says (p. 358) : " The arms of the see
of York were originally the same as Canter-
bury. The change was mede about A.D.
1540."
It will be seen that these four several archiepiscopal sees Canterbury, York (ancient), Armagh, and Dublin all bore the pallium, charged with crosses patee fitchees, as their arms.
Much interesting information is supplied by Dr. Woodward in his book (pp. 112-18) as to the history and use of the pallium, which, he states, was at first given only as an honorary distinction, and became after the seventh century a badge the acceptance of which implied the acknowledgment of the supremacy of the see of Rome. In the Latin Church the distinguishing vestment of an archbishop was the pallium or pall which corresponded to the (O//,O</>O/HOV of ecclesiastics in the Greek Church, and both alike were probably derived from a, reduced survival of the old Roman toga, worn as an official badge by civil magistrates.
J. S. UDAL, F.S.A.
Antigua, W.I.
REMARKABLE ECHOES (11 S. iii. 189). One of the finest echoes I know is by Grise- dale Tarn, between Helvellyn and St. Sunday .crags. A high rock split into three divisions overlooks the tarn on the Helvel- lyn side, and I have heard three or four words shouted under it echoed distinctly three times or more from the crags opposite, from Seat Sandal, and, I suppose, from Fairfield. C. C. B.
There is, so far as I am aware, no list of places in the United Kingdom where echoes may be heard. A section on ' Famous Echoes ' in Hartwig's ' Aerial World,' 1894, probably goes far outside the United King- dom. Among notable echoes those at the Lakes of Killarney must not be forgotten. At the "Windy Gowl," Kinnoul parish, Perthshire, there is an echo which dis- tinctly repeats a syllable several times. Another repeating echo may be heard at the Loch of Monivaird, Ochtertyre, in the same county. In the parish of Contin, Ross- shire, there is an echo said to be unequalled except by one in the island of Staffa, and another in Wales. W. S. S.
H. J. Rose's * Biographical Dictionary ' gives the following :
" Adarai (Ernest D., b. 1716), a Pole, who studied music and divinity. He wrote a volume on a curious subject on the threefold echo at the entrance of the forest of Aderbpch, in Bohemia. It was published, in German, at Lipnitz, 1750." LIONEL SCHANK.
