12 s. ii. DEC. IB, i9i6.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
491
-to my paper Revue Archeol., 1895, i. p. 191:
first, that a single spur, on the left foot,
-could only be justified if the Amazons rode
sideways, which they never do in ancient
art ; second, that, even if they had done
so, the spur would have been attached to
the right foot, as female riders in ancient
art almost always sit to their right. Now,
Amelung found it impossible to account for
the buckle and strap on the left foot only ;
but similar examples have been collected by
myself (' Bronzes figures,' p. 65), and later
-also by Amelung (Pontif. Accad. Romano,
di Archeologia, 1905, p. 123 foil.)- Both
texts and works of art bring cases of men
and women with one foot bare and the other
more or less covered (see, for instance,
Macrobius, ' Saturnalia,' v. 18, who takes
great trouble to explain it). Some odd
superstition may be involved, as appears from
Virgil's unum exuta pedem (' ^En.' iv. 518)
and Ovid's nuda pedem ('Metam.' vii. 183).
(3) An epigram in the ' Greek Anthology ' (v. 203) by the poet Asclepiades. A female called Lysidice dedicates to Aphrodite a spur, " golden sting affixed to a beautiful foot," which she says she has often used when riding ; but what she adds about her- self as being axei/T^ros (ungoaded) is enough to show that the epigram should never have been quoted as evidence upon the question before us. The learned reader may be referred to Juvenal, vi. 311.
Female riders, other than Amazons, are by no means a scarcity in ancient art ; but not a single one could be quoted wearing a spur.
In the gallery at Oldenburg, No. 310, there is a painting by W. Tischbein, Ama- zons riding out for the chase or the war. The leading lady, seated astride, has a spur fixed by a buckle and strap to her right foot a contrivance imitated (with the addition of the spur) from the Amazon in the Vatican, but devoid of any foundation in ancient art.
Early paintings and miniatures, as far as I know, yield no evidence. The two oldest documents which can be relied upon are dated 1408 ' and 1468 (Gay, ' Glossaire Archeologique ' ) :
" 1408. Un 6peron de fenime dor, k courroie de soie vermeille. 1468. Sept e"perons, 1'un pour le service de Madame (la duchesse d'Orleans) quand elle ya & cheval, et les autres six pour les six demoiselles d'honneur de ladite dame." Here we have the single spur for side-saddle riding. Perhaps some earlier mention could be discovered in English or Italian docu- ments of which I am ignorant.
S. REINACH.
Boulogne-sur-Seine.
GENERAL BOULANGER :
BIBLIOGRAPHY.
(12 S. ii. 261.}
THE following forty-eight titles not in- cluded in the list given by MR. F. H. CHEETHAM at the above reference may prove useful towards the bibliography he is compiling :
J. Ermerius. Een laaste woord. Gravenhage (no date), in 80. Piece.
Haute Cour de Justice. Affaire Boulanger, Dillon, Bochefort. Procedure. Depositions des temoins. Annexes. B^quisitoire lu par M. le Procureur-Ge'ne'ral (Quesnay de Beaurepaire) a la Chambre d'accusation. Note sur la competence. Paris (no date, but probably 1889), in 4o.
L6on Kirn. Essai sur 1'organisation de 1'in- struction militaire pr^paratoire preVue par la loi ovganique d6pos4e le 25 mai, 1886, par M. le general Boulanger, ministre de la guerre. Paris,
1886, gr. in 80. Piece.
A. Laisant. A mes ]lecteurs. Pourquoi et comment je suis boulangiste. Paris, 1887, in 16. Piece.
Pierre Monfalcone et Andr6 Castelin. La Premiere Bataille franco-allemande. Le 18 Aout, 18 . . B^ponse a la brochure ' Die erste Schlacht im Zukunftskriege ' par le Gdn^ral ***. Commen- taires sur la prochaine guerre. Theories tactiques du g^n^ral Boulanger. Paris, 1887, in 80.
de Grammont. M. Bouvier et le g^n^ral Boulanger devant le pays. Publication d'ac- tualite. Paris, 1887, in 80.
Fernand de Jupilles. Le gne>al Boulanger Histoire populaire complete. Paris, 1887, in 80.
Anonyme. Le dossier du g4nral Boulanger. Paris, 1887, in 18.
Henry Buguet. Au gne>al Boulanger. Re- vues et Bevuistes. Paris, 1887, in 18.
Saint-Ernan. L'Exite, po6sie dediee au general Boulanger. Paris, Juillet, 1887, in 16. Piece.
Anonyme. Der Skandal Caffarel. Boulanger, Wilson, und die Corruption in Frankreich. Berlin,
1887, in 80.
Anonyme. Be"publique et Boulangisme. Tou- louse, 1888, in 80. Piece.
Yves Guyot. Le Boulangisme. Paris, 1888, in 16. Piece.
Veritas. Bassesse ! ou la vrit6 sur 1'affaire Boulanger. Paris, 1888, in 80.
Victor von Bosny. Boulanger der Held des Tages und seine Politik. Wien, 1888, in 16. Piece.
Anonyme. La B6novation Francaise. Pro- gramme avant-garde, pr6ce'd6 d'une lettre au g4n6ral Boulanger. Paris, 1888, in 80. Piece.
A. L. A. Pourquoi nous aurions le general Boulanger. Tours, Aout, 1888, in 16. Piece.
Louis Maury. M. Bouhnger devant 1'opinion publique. Poitiers, 1888, in 80.
John Labusquiere. Le g^n^ral Boulanger. Paris, 1888, in 12. Piece.
Louis de Jonquieres. Le g6ne"ral Boulanger, d4put< du Nord, chef du Parti National. Paris,
1888, in fol. Piece.
H. C. P. B. Le ge"ndral Boulanger (actes et paroles). Paris et Limoges, 1888, in 16.
Louis Bernard. Le geW-ral Boulanger devant 1'opinion. Toulouse, 1888, in 80. Piece.
