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NOTES AND QUERIES. [12 s. m. FEB. 10, 1917.
with public obsequies. He married his
-cousin Letitia, second daughter of Sir Harry
Trelawny, 5th Bart. (1756-62), by his
wife Letitia, daughter of Sir Jonathan
Trelawny, D.D., 3rd Bart., Bishop of
Bristol (1685-9), Bishop of Exeter (1689-
1707), and Bishop of Winchester (1707-21),
-and left issue one son, the Rev. Sir Harry
Trelawny, 7th Bart. (1772-1834), and one
daughter Letitia Anne, who married Paul
Treby Treby, Esq., of Plympton, Devon,
.and died in 1845. J. W. FAWCETT.
FOREIGN GRAVES OF BBITISH AUTHORS, -&C. : THOMAS CAMPBELL (12 S. ii. 172, 254, 292, 395, 495; iii. 39, 59, 96). I may perhaps point out that the Boulogne memorial to Thomas Campbell, which I mentioned at 12 S. ii. 395, was placed, or was said to have been placed, " above the door of the bedroom in which the poet expired," and is not the memorial described .t 9 S. iv 304, referred to at 12 S. ii. 495.
It was about the alleged bedroom door .inscription that I wrote (12 S. ii. 396) : " Possibly the inscription over the door of the room in which Campbell died still ^exists." ROBERT PIERPOINT.
SILHOUETTES (12 S. iii. 30). John Miers, first of Leeds, then of London, painted generally in unrelieved black on plaster or
- ivory. The various processes employed
"brushwork, shadowgraphy, and mechanical -aids, and freehand scissor-work are de- scribed in ' The History of Silhouettes,' by Mrs. Nevill Jackson (1911), which contains -a Bibliography ; and I think that, unless my xmemory betrays me, Capt. Desmond Coke, the well-known novelist, and himself the owner of a fine collection of silhouettes, has written a book on the subject. Members of my family, including the present writer, have been " immortalized " in recent years by an exponent of freehand scissor-work who practised at Bournemouth.
A. R. BAYLEY.
Silhouettes are referred to in various books as the " pioneers of cheap portrai- ture," " cut portraits," " painted in shadow- graphy," " worked in Indian ink with pen." Miers, first of Leeds, then of London, " painted generally in unrelieved black on plaster or ivory." Silhouette artists are spoken of as " profilists," " scissorgraph- ists," and their work as " scissortypes "
-and " papyrography " (Art Journal, 1853).
The silhouette portrait produced by the brush on ivory, card, or plaster is not
s. necessarily the highest type, although it
approaches most nearly to the work of the
miniature painter. Many miniature painters
of the eighteenth century worked alternately
in black profile portraiture and colour, and
silhouettes thus .done are in fact original
profile portraits in monochrome ; the pro-
cess employed for producing them has
nothing to do with the scissor or penknife
cutting. ARCHIBALD SPARKE.
It may be of interest to MR. H. T. BARKER to know that ' The Standard Dictionary ' gives a sketch, accompanying definition, of " Lavater's method of taking silhouettes, after print of 1785." CECIL CLARKE.
Junior Athenaeum Club.
GAMBARDELLA, ITALIAN PORTRAIT- PAINTER (12 S. iii. 50). MR. G. MILNER- GiBSON-CuLLUM will find a record of Spiridione Gambardella's exhibited works (1842-52) in 'Royal Academy Exhibitors' and ' Exhibitors at the British Institution,' both by Algernon Graves, F.S.A. The Duke of Wellington has seven portraits by this artist, which are fully described in Evelyn, Duchess of Wellington's ' Catalogue of the Pictures and Sculpture ' at Apsley House. Gambardella's dates are given in the cata- logue as 1815 ?-1886. No doubt his daughter Miss Gambardella a well-known student at the National Gallery, who completed for Liverpool as recently as December, 1914, a full-length copy of the portrait of Queen Victoria by Sir George Hayter in the National Portrait Gallery would give further information. J. D. MILNER.
National Portrait Gallery.
THE DOMINICAN ORDER (12 S. ii. 510 ' iii. 31). May I supplement MR. MONTAGUE SUMMERS'S interesting article on this subject by calling MR. A. WILLIAMS' s attention to Fosbroke's ' British Monachism ' (1843), p. 74, where he will find a short and succinct account of the Rules of the Order of the Dominicans ? As this is but a very short account, and the book may now be some- what scarce, perhaps I may be allowed to transcribe it here, with the authorities there given, for your correspondent's convenience. " DOMINICANS.
" Followed, according to the ' Scriptores Or- dinis Praedicatorum,' vol. i. p. 12, the Rule of Austin, with severe additions in food, fasts, bedding, garments, and utter dereliction of pro- perty. Of the first Dominicans (says Surius, 1. vi. v. iv., p. 544, seq. in August) the novices were perfectly instructed. Silence was rigidly observed ; and after Complin till Tierce, praying 100 or 200 times a day. Complin. Salve Regina, &c. Disciplines. Confessions before Mass. Won- derful abstinence, as stopping eight days without
