i'2 S. III. FEB. 17, 1917.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
127
.are other forms), and a smaller hundred on
the left of it called Fingham (Effingham).
By John Speed's time these two hundreds
had been joined under the name of Cop-
thorne. But the resultant hundred does
not, and did not, so far as I can find, include
a place called Copthorne. This is not un-
exampled in local history. We have the
parallel of the old Berkshire hundred,
Xachededorne, which on the authority of
Skeat means " at the naked thorn." Skeat
quotes Mr. Stevenson's edition of Asser,
which says, "It is tempting to identify this
bare or leafless thorn with the ' unica
spinosa arbor ' mentioned in the life of
Alfred," a tree famous as the meeting-place
of the armies at the battle of Ashdown.
The " thorn " is, I suppose, in both cases
the hawthorn = " hedge-thorn," which by
its longevity and persistence would be
suitable to mark a boundary. I presume
that the village of Copthorne was so named
from having a hawthorn hedge which was
possibly a county boundary between Surrey
and Sussex. But in the ' Victoria County
History, Surrey,' vol. iii. p. 176, I read con-
cerning Copthorne Common : " Part of it
is called Effingham Park, from an Effingham
on the county border, but this has no
connexion with the village of Effingham
in Surrey." It seems very odd that the
two names Copthorne and Effingham should
turn up in conjunction both in the hundred
-and in the totally different district some
miles from it. Copthome hundred seems,
though not at the period of Domesday, to
have included an island of land to the south
round Newdigate, but Xewdigate is not
Copthorne village. Surely there is some
connexion between the two pairs of names.
As for the derivation of Copthorne, I take it that the latter part of the word is certain, recording the presence of that sort of haw- thorn through which the wind blew in
- King Lear.' I am not certain as to the
other element in the word, and shall be glad to have light on it, as on the other points which puzzle an amateur topographer.
V. R.
ST. B ORCHARD. The following paragraph irom The Tablet of January 27 seems worthy of a place in ' X. & Q.*' St. Burchard'^s day is February 2. At Wiirzburg he is -venerated as St. Burkardus :
" At fierce to, in the Higher Apennines of Parma, arises the majestic and most ancient monumental church of San Moderanno. The first chapel to the right on entering is dedicated to San Barcardo, otherwise St. Borchard, or St. Brochard, an English saint of noble Anglo- Saxon parentage, who was Bishop of Wiirzburg
from 742 to 751. A short time ago the Bishop
of Parma, Mgr. Conforti, on occasion of his
episcopal visitation, determined to explore the
chapel and discover the saint's tomb. Having
removed a very inferior oil-painting at the back
of the altar (as we read in the Corriere d' Italia),
there was found under a large arch of marble a
sarcophagus of Carrara marble, with the inscrip-
tion, on a triangular marble slab with the Imperial
Eagle at the apex : ' Carolus Imperator fecit
fieri hoc opus S. Brochardi MCCCLV.' On the
capitals upon which the arch rests are observed
on the one side an angel's head, and on the other
the head of an eagle, indicating, as was customary
with mediaeval tombs, that the shrine was under
imperial protection. Inside the tomb was a
leaden casket containing the saint's remains,
and bearing two inscriptions. The discovery
is considered to be of great importance, both
artistically and historically. St. Borchard was
a companion of the English St. Boniface in his
apostolate of Germany, and was by him appointed
Bishop of Wiirzburg. He played an important
part in the deposition of Childeric III. and the
election of Pepin as King of France, with the
approval of Pope Zachary, in 752."
JOHN B. WAESTE WRIGHT.
WATTS'S CHARITY, ROCHESTER. From Dickens' s ' Seven Poor Travellers,' which was published in 1854, we have been familiar with the inscription opening the nightly dole bestowed on wayfarers by this charity in Rochester they " not being rogues or proctors," as it seems to be immemorially given, from Dickens to a guide-book only a few years old.
The Gentleman's Magazine, however, for 1753 (vol. xxiii. p. 382) has the following :
" In the City of Rochester on an House of antient Form a Stone is placed with this In- scription.
Six poor travellers, not being rogues,
proctors, women, or contagiously infected,
may have lodging here and be courteously
entertained one night gratis,
and each of them shall receive fourpence
as soon as admitted.
Richard Watts, Esq., formerly of this city by his will, dated 22d Aug., 1579, founded this charity, In gratitude to whose memory (the former
inscription being worn out)
This stone was inscribed and erected in the mayoralty of Benj. Graydon, Esq., A.p. 1748.
The mayor and citizens of this city, the dean and chapter of the cathedral, church war- dens, and commonalty of the bridge, are to see this executed for ever."
The guide-book states that the alms- house was rebuilt in 1771, and again not very long ago. As the above inscription differs considerably from those first referred to, it may not be out of place to record it here, verified, as it apparently was, by the editor of The Gentleman's Magazine.
W. B. H.
