284
NOTES AND QUERIES. [12 s. in. APRIL w, 1917
source, likely to be overlooked, is ' Kleidung
und Krankheiten, ethnologische und his-
torische Betrachtungen. ' (von Dr. J. P.
Kleiweg de Zwaan, Amsterdam), Janus,
Mars-Avril, 1916, xxi. 60-110. This gives
sundry dealings with clothing and " im-
pressions " on the foetus therefrom, viz. :
spreading on the ground (India) ; sewing
torn garment (China) ; putting girdle around
neck (Java).
A novel based on maternal impressions is Dr. O. W. Holmes's curious ' Elsie Venner : a Romance of Destiny,' first published in 1860 as founded on "a grave scientific doctrine "(!). The mother's acquiring peculiarities of her foetus (referred to ante, p. 17) has an interesting parallel in " the deterioration in temper and spirit which is known to ensue to a mare in foal by a donkey " (see ' System of Obstetric Medicine and Surgery,' by Barnes and Barnes, Philadelphia, 1885^ edition, p. 380); this is called " telegony." ROCKINGHAM.
Boston, Mass.
ENGLAND, GERMANY, AND THE DYE INDUSTRY (12 S. ii. 528). The patent referred to was granted to Eustace Burneby, not Barnaby, and bears date Feb. 3, 1670 (No. 159). Burneby took out three other patents : one for the manufacture of pearl barley, another for the preparation of hemp, .and the other for making white paper.
R. B. P.
WITCHCRAFT : CASE OF MRS. HICKS (12 S. 'ii. 521 ; iii. 177). With reference to the quotation from the late Mr. F. A. Inder- wick's ' Side-Lights on the Stuarts,' that author correctly says " some difficulty has been raised as to the identity of the Justice Powel referred to," but he is wrong in saying that " there were in fact no less than four Justices of the name of Powel about this time" [1716].
According to Foss's ' The Judges of Eng- land ' there never was a Justice Powel. There were : Thomas Powell, who died in 1705 ; John Powell, born 1633, died 1696 ; John Powell, jun., of Gloucester, born 1645, died 1713 ; and Henry Powle, born 1629, died 1692 ; but it will be seen that all these four were dead long before 1716, the date of the alleged conviction. Mr. Inderwick also says that " Gough in his first edition speaks of Wilmott instead of Powel as the judge." This suggestion is likewise unavailing. Again according to Foss, there never was a judge named Wilmott. John Eardley Will- mot was not appointed until 1755.
Notwithstanding the discovery by MR.
NORRIS of the pamphlet relied upon by
Gough, the name of the judge appears to be
till uncertain, and this confirms the doubt
expressed by Mr. Justice Stephen as to the
authenticity of this case. G. PROSSER.
JACOB OR JAMES (12 S. iii. 147, 259). In many European languages there are two different forms which seem to have existed at the same time : in Italy, Giacobo and Giacomo ; in old French, Jacout and Jaume ; in Spanish, I ago and Jaime ; in English, Jacob and James. This latter has the spelling Jame in a MS. which may be dated as early as 1387 the translation by Trevisa of the ' Polychronicon ' of Ranulph de Higden (Rolls ed.) ; later on the form James appears in two other MSS. of the same ' Polychronicon,' one of which is in the Harleian (2261).
The ' N.E.D.' understands that Jaco-bus has been altered to Jaco-mus, but in this case we ought to meet with this word some- where. I could not find it, at least, in the Chronicles, where Jacobus, though not frequent indeed, as pointed out by your correspondent, does sometimes occur, even in early times : for instance, in Gervase of Canterbury (thirteenth century), " Reli- querat autem Paulinus (circa 653) in ecclesia Eboracensi Jacobum diaconum " (Rolls edition, and see on the same subject ' His- toria Anglo rum,'" by Henry de Huntingdon).
Mr. F. Bond in his ' Dedications of Saints ' says that the form James jeems to be Celtic, and may have come to us through the ancient Scotch kings, who were styled Hamish, i.e., James (p. 43). I confess that this is simply beyond my province. The only Scotch king, or rather " subregulus," I have heard of, whose name may be connected with the question, is a certain Jacob, who for some northern islands did homage to Edgar, A.D. 973 (Roger de Hoveden, ed. Rolls, i. 63).
In a poem in alliterative verse by Jacke Upland (A.D. 1401) and in the so-called ' Answer of Friar Daw Topias ' to this violent attack of the Lollards, we find " Saint Jame " and " James pistles," also " that religion that Saint James in his epistles makes mention of " (ed. Rolls, ' Satirical Poems and Songs,' ii. pp. 18, 37, 62, 63, 65). The same document tells of " Jacobus," but it here,alludes to the patriarch. The name of James is spelled " Jamys " and " James " in two MSS. of the corporation of Lydd (A.D. 1450, 1452, Historical MSS. Com- mission, .^Appendix to Fifth Report f pp.520, 521).
