Page:Notes and Queries - Series 12 - Volume 9.djvu/312

254 NOTES AND QUERIES. [12 s.ix. SEPT. 24, 1021. of France were married, not within the church at the altar as now, but at the outer door. This was the case in 1559, in which year Elizabeth, the daughter of Henry II., was married to Philip II. of Spain ; and the Bishop of Paris performed the ceremony at the door of the Cathedral of Notre Dame. Another instance of this kind occurred in! 1599 in France. Henrietta Maria was | married to King Charles by proxy at the door of Notre Dame, and the bride, as soon as the ceremony was over, entered the church and assisted at Mass. The true origin of the cus- tom may, perhaps, be traced in the almost universal desire from the earliest ages to make marriage a public ceremony. The old missals direct the placing of the man and the woman at the church door during the service, and that at the end of it they shall proceed within up to the altar. In England the rite of matrimony was anciently performed at the door, in order to give it the utmost publicity ; and it was not until the parties ( had been actually married that they entered ; the church and proceeded with the priest to j the altar to receive the nuptial benediction ; and to hear Mass. In the time of Edward VI. marriages were performed in the church porch and not in the building itself. Several years elapsed after the disruption of Roman Catholicism in this country before the nup- j tial ceremony was regularly performed ' within the church. In later times marriages were frequently performed in the body of the church before the parties proceeded to the altar. ARCHIBALD SPARKE. MUSTARD FAMILY (12 S. ix. 211). Has MR. FERGUSON considered the proba- bility that the family name "Mustard is. derived from " Mustarder " or " Mustard- man " in the same way that the family! name " Spice " is in all probability derived' from " Spicer " ? Bardsley, in his"' English Surnames, their Sources and Significations,' gives the following instances of " Mustarder " and " Mustardman " : Richard le Mustarder Hundred Rolls. Robert le Mustarder Rolls of Parliament. Thomas le Mustarder ' Memorials of London ' (Riley). Peter le Mustardman Hundred Rolls. ROBERT GOWER. There was a man named Mustard, a tailor in Aberdeen in the eighties of last century. I never heard of anybody else of the name, which used to amuse my boyish imagination. J. M. BULLOCK. 37, Bedford-square, W.C.I. CHESHIRE CHEESE SOXG (12 S. ix. 212). The song is as follows : A Cheshireman sail'd into Spain To trade for merchandize ; When he arrived from the main, A Spaniard him espies. Who said, you English rogue, look here ! What fruits and spices fine, Our land produces twice a year, Thou hast not such in thine. The Cheshire man ran to his hold And fetch'd a Cheshire Cheese, And said, look here, you dog, behold ! We have such fruits as these. Yoxir fruits are ripe but twice a year, As you yourself do say, But such as I present you here Our land brings twice a day. The Spaniard in a passion flew And his rapier took in hand ; The Cheshire man kick'd up his heels, Saying, " Thou'rt at my command ! " So never let a Spaniard boast While Cheshire men abound, Lest they should teach him to his cost To dance a Cheshire Round. I do not know the exact date of the words, but they were set to music by Edward Jones, the Welsh bard, and published in 1786 with a very spirited drawing on the title page, by Rowlandson, of the Cheshire man knocking the Spaniard down. I arranged the song for four voices (adding a little to the music) and it was performed at the Chester Historical Pageant in 1910. Novell os can still supply a copy of the Pageant music if your corre- spondent would like to possess the song. Perhaps I should add that " Cheshire Rounds " was a favourite dance of the period. It could be danced by one or two persons. In the latter case the gyrations of the dancing couple resembled the movements of the sun and moon, so that the dance may be a very old one indeed. Doggett, the actor, is said to have per- formed it quite as well as the " famous Captain George, and with more nature and nimbleness." JOSEPH C. BRIDGE. Chester. SHAKESPEARE'S CHEESE-LOVING WELSH- MAN (12 S.ix. 110, 196,234). I do not think your correspondent is correct in saying that '" Wales did not produce cheese." In- dependently of cows, the Welsh kept large herds of goats and made quantities of cheese from their milk for vinter consumption. They had to do so, for in the mountainous districts in the old, long, hard winters, a farmer would see no one but his own house- hold for three or four months, and no supplies could be procured from outside.