312 NOTES AND QUERIES. [12 s.ix. OCT. 15,1021. in ordinary type, and those whose arms had not been so proved, in italics. To my certain knowledge this had the desired result in many instances, so that persons that were originally in italics were, in subsequent editions,* to be found, often with new arms, in ordinary type. The fifth edition (1908) was the first to omit the italic entries, so that this edition only comprises those who have established their right at the Heralds' College, Ulster Office, &c., to bear the arms habitually used, though at the end there is a list of those whose right of arms was faulty. If such a work as I suggest was published, those who now use arms could prove their right to them by tracing their descent from the grantee without the expense of having to go to the Heralds' College to do so. There must be many persons using arms to- day, to which they cannot prove their right, because of the original grant having been lost, and, though they would like to, cannot do so owing to the heavy fees demanded at Heralds' College. The second part of the work could be arranged in accordance with Papworth, and an index locorum would be a useful addition. I have a few original grants of arms of the late eighteenth century and early nine- teenth and would be only too pleased to forward the particulars I mention if such a work were contemplated. CHAS. HALL CROUCH. 204, Hermon Hill, South Woodford. BROTHERS OF THE SAME CHRISTIAN NAME (12 S. ix. 230, 273). I have been hoping that this query would have produced some satisfactory answer. I am interested because instances will be found in the Pepys pedigree notably that of the Diarist's grandfather and great -uncle, called, to differentiate them, Thomas the black and Thomas the red. I have a theory that in this case the father, John of Cottenham, having married twice, these two sons were the children of different mothers. It has been suggested to me that this duplication of names may have arisen in cases where the first child so named was weakly. W. H. WHITEAR, F.R.Hist.S. 10, Fairlawn Court, W.4. Though unable to offer any explanation of ^t his practice, I could give several instances that I have come across, none of which throws I any light on the matter. MR. ST. JOHN
- BROOKS and MR. FULLER may, however,
j be interested to hear of the most curious case that I have encountered, that of John Wode of Saunderstead, Surrey, who, in his will (36 Bodfelde), mentions no fewer than four sons named John* besides an Edward and a Henry. F. L. WOOD. I venture to suggest that the occurrence of two or more children bearing the same Christian name in the same family arose from the strict rule of sixteenth and seventeenth century etiquette by which the name of the chief godparent had to be given to the ! infant for which he or she stood sponsor. ! Though the rule had its exceptions it was i undoubtedly the rule, and probably one | on which important personages and rich uncles were sensitive. Queen Elizabeth's " good judge," John Clench, had appa- rently three sons of that name, to say nothing of poor relations. Sons, who required more patronage in those days than daughters, seem to have suffered from this confusing custom more than their sisters. PERCY HULBURD. In this connexion Harry Champion's song, " I'm Henery the Eighth, I am," must not be forgotten. J. ARDAGH. "LAY" AND "LIE" (12 S. ix. 270). The confusion of " lay " with " lie " was and is not restricted to the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, as the following examples will show : For a moment it [the wind] would die away, and the traveller would begin to delude himself into the belief that, exhausted with its previous fury, it had quietly lain itself down to rest (' Pickwick Papers,' by Charles Dickens, 1837, p. 137, chap. xiv). Instances have occurred, previous to a fete champetre on the following day, of their [i.e., ladies] sleeping all night in an easy chair, for fear of disturbing, by laying down in bed, the cumbrous load of powder and pomatum with which their hair had been decorated (' Family Memoirs,' by Sir Oswald Mosley, Baronet, printed for private circulation, 1849, p. 71). In others the bones laid promiscuously : some of them appeared partly burned (' The Shrines {and Sepulchres of the Old and New World,' by | B. B. Madden, 1851, vol. ii., p. 1). Madden is i quoting from an account of ancient graves in | Western America, by " Mr. Harriss, a member j of the Massachusetts Historical Society." Any one, in the least taller than the Duke, i could not have laid at full length upon it (' Words i on Wellington,' by Sir William Fraser, Baronet, |M.A., 1889, p. 106). Some said the horse reared ; others that he
