434 NOTES AND QUERIES. [12 s.ix. NOV. 28,1021. of domestic information to observers, for example, to quote Boutell : When a Hatchment is erected on the death of a husband, the dexter half of the field of the hatchment itself is sable and the sinister argent. On the death of a wife, this order of the tinctures is reversed. When a hatchment bears the arms of a widower, widow or unmarried person the whole of the field is sable. A woman's achievement is displayed, on a lozenge instead of on a shield, and a cherub is subsituted for a crest. The author of ' Mayfair and Montmartre,' writing of social and other conditions pre- valent forty years ago, observes (p. 21) : Hatchments, which at an earlier period were so often hung on houses where people had died, were already practically obsolete, though I fancy one or two might have been discovered up to the end of the last century. Dean Purey-Cust, who was learned in heraldry, hung Queen Victoria's hatchment on the choir-screen of York Minster. I believe that it and a like token of the death of the Duke of Clarence are now conserved in one of the cathedral vestries. ST. SWITHIN. EPIGRAM ON THE WALCHEREN EXPEDI- TION (12 S. ix. 355, 394). Major Fyers is to be congratulated on having found what seems the original form of this epigram, published in The Morning Chronicle. His discovery is pleasing in one way, in another not. The clumsy fourth line Kept waiting too for whom Lord Chatham ! has certainly been bettered by being changed to Stood waiting for the Earl of Chatham. (Stood is surely more graphic, each time, than kept.) But " undrawn " for " drawn " in the first line is better in sense as in meter. It is curious how many people, like the writer in The Spectator, are satisfied with the halting rhythm of " sword drawn." It reminds one of the many others who are content to place in their " in memoriam " notices the prosaic sentence, " I will re- member while the light lasts," instead of Swinburne's actual line : I shall remember while the light lives yet. T. S. OMOND. RUBBING DOWN COINS (12 S. ix. 388). It may be worth Q. V.'s while to consult two articles on ' Hall-marking ' and ' Coinage ' contributed to the Law Quarterly Eeview for January and April of this year by the present writer. J. P. DE" C. This fraudulent practice was in use about ! the time when coin- clipping was in vogue, and was, no doubt, considered a much safer | procedure since it was more difficult to I detect. It was known as " sweating," and
- from what I have heard it was done by
I placing a large number of full-weight gold j coins in a long canvas bag held by a man at each end. The coins were shaken back- wards and forwards so that a certain amount i was " sweated " off each coin without re- ducing the weight of any one below the minimum. After the operation, the gold in ' the interstices of the sack was recovered by burning it to commence with. G. W. YOUNGER. 2, Mecklenburgh Square, W.C.I. HERALDIC : THE HELMET (12 S. ix. 371). In his ' Institutions, Laws and Ceremonies of the Order of the Garter ' (London, 1672), Elias Ashmole has the following : The Knights Companions of this order have, besides their escutcheon of arms, their helmet, crest and sword hung up over their stalls in the i chappel of St. George at Windsor . . . the ! helmets used on this occasion are ... of two I sorts ; one appointed for sovereign princes, gilded and formed open, with bailes or bars ; the other, for Knights Subjects in the reign of Henry VIII. were parcel gilt, but in Queen Elizabeth's reign and since it is the custom to gild the helmets | all over, having closed visors ; and these are the i form of the helmets of the Knights of the Garter | at Windsor ; but their helmets placed on their j shields of arms in other places are after the form
- we have been speaking of, as all others of their
i quality, without regard to them as Knights of the I Garter. HERBERT MAXWELL. Monreith. "SHALL" AND "WILL" IN A.V. (12 S. ix. 271, 313, 395). The varying usage of these two words is clearly illustrated in the several renderings of the closing verse of Psalm xxiii. The authorized version has : " Surely goodness and mercy shall follow me all the days of my life : and I will dwell in the house of the Lord for ever ? " This follows the earlier Prayer Book version so far as concerns the two words in question. The revised version retains " shall " in the first clause, and substitutes " shall " for " will " in the second clause. Turning to metrical versions that used in the Church of Scotland has " shall " in both clauses, while Brady and Tate's stanza is more of a paraphrase, though it contains the line, " That life to him I will devote." E. BASIL LUPTON.
