9'" s. xii. NOV. 21, 1903.; NOTES AND QUERIES.
417
(1C JtlClUl 111 vviicbU 11O lUOitVGa JJLJC 9J) UUlf
ilch I did not say. I did not "frankly n " that I did not know the date of Bruce's
whom there is no more competent authority-
says in his * Scottish Arms ' that it seems
clear that in the {South Turnbull was origin-
ally a sobriquet, whilst north of the Forth
Tremblay was probably a name of locality.
I regret that MR. JONAS should have taken my well-meant remarks so ungraciously. I have looked over his communication care- fully, but I cannot find that he has contro- verted any of my original statements, to which I adhere. He, in his turn, might be more careful in what he makes me say, but which own
grant of Philiphaugh to William Turnbull. What I did say was that the date was uncertain, but that it was after Bruce came to the throne. As a matter of fact, it was, I find, according to Mr. Stodart, in 1315, nine years after Bruce became king. J. B. P.
ST. WILLIAM OF AQUITAINE (9 th S. xii. 308). Prof. E. A. Freeman, in his account of Orange a town in the south of France which first appeared in Macmillan's Magazine for February, 1875, says :
" The legendary tale attributes the foundation of the county of Orange to a certain William, sur- named au Cornet or au Court Ne%, two descriptions more akin in sound than in meaning, who is called Duke of Aquitaine in the days of Charles the Great. He does wonderful deeds against the Saracens ; he delivers Orange ; and at last, after dying a monk in a monastery of his own foundation, he is canonized, if not formally, at least by local reverence. This story is one of many signs of the memory which the Saracen invaders left behind them through all SouthernUaul and North -Western Italy ; but it is worth little more. St. William is said to have made Orange a principality, which he left to his daughter; but history supplies no evidence of any such dynasty, and the title of prince belongs to a much later age."
It would seem, then, that he could be at best only a purely mythical ancestor of Elinor of Guienne and her sons, Richard Cceur-de-Lion and John Sans-Terre.
A. R. BAYLEY.
MANGOSTEEN MARKINGS (9 th S. xii. 330). That the persistent rays of the stigma crown- ing the mangosteen fruit correspond in number (which varies) with the sections inside the fruit is a matter of common know- ledge in Ceylon, where the tree now grows and fruits freely. Though, strangely enough, all the modern descriptions of the fruit that I have been able to lay my hands on are silent on the subject, the fact was known to writers on natural history at least 250 years ago. Garcia da Orta, writing in 1563, and de- scribing the fruit only from hearsay, does not mention the peculiarity, nor apparentlj 7
does Acosta or Clusius, who translated and
commented on Da Orta's work. The earliest
mention of the fact that I have found is in
Jac. Bontius's * De Medicina Iridoru ' (1642),
p. 1)7, where, describing the mangosteen, he
says :
" Cortex plana mali granati cortici similis est, nisi quod insuperiore parte coronam habeat utpapaver, cujus quot sunt radii tot nucleos intus habebis."
Piso, in his ' De Indise utriusque Re Naturali et Medica' (1658), depicts the fruit on p. 115, and in describing it says :
" In vertice vero coronam gerit, quse quot radios habet. tot uucleos in aperto Mangostano."
Joan Nieuhof, whose account of his travels in the East Indies (1653-71), published in 1682, will be found translated into English in the second volume of Churchill's 'Collection of Voyages and Travels,' describes the fruit minutely, and says (I quote from the English version, p. 327) :
" On the Top of the Apple is a kind of a Coronet, which opens as soon as it begins to ripen. The several points of this Coronet has [sic] so many Marks, to direct you how many Kernels are con- tained in the Apple ; which are sometimes Six, sometimes Eeght [*?"<]."
Valentyn also, in his monumental work on the Dutch East Indies (published in 1724-$), in the part treating of the flora of Amboina, gives a detailed description of the raango- steen, from which I translate the following:
"On the top of the fruit is seen a flat star of five or seven brown leaflets, of the same colour as the husk, by which star one can clearly see how many divisions this fruit has concealed within itself."
Curiously enough, though this writer speaks of "five or seven" leaflets, in the plate he gives of the fruit si;c leaflets and sz> sections are shown. DONALD FERGUSON.
"LORD PALATINE" (9 th S. xii. 347). By charters dated 28 December, 1377, and 14 February, 1380, King Robert II. of Scotland granted certain lands to *'our dearest son David Stewart, Earl Palatine of Strathern and of Caithness " ('Register of the Great Seal of Scotland '). The Earl's daughter and heiress, Euphemia Stewart, granted a charter as Countess Palatine of Strathern, 8 October, 1414 ('Tenth Rep. Hist. MSS. Com.,' App. p. 63). Her seal bore the legend, "Eupharu. Senescal. Comitissa Palatina de Strathern " (Nisbet's 4 Heraldry,' vol. ii. p. 31). Her son and heir, Malise Graham (afterwards Earl of Menteith), granted charters as Earl Palatine of Strathern, 24 and 26 August, 1420, and 27 August. 1421 (Athole Charters, 'Seventh Rep. Hist. MSS. Com.,' Part II., App.). R. BARCLAY-ALLARDICE.
Lostwithiel.
