464
NOTES AND QUERIES. [9 th s. xii. DEC. 12, 1903.
Comparisons between Macedon and Monmouth, that
the situations, look you, is both alike, ihere is a
river in Macedon ; and there is also moreover a
river at Monmouth : it is called Wye at Monmouth ;
but it is out of myprainswhatisthenameol the
other river ; but 'tis all one, 'tis alike as my nngers
is to my fingers, and there is salmons in both. 1:
you mark Alexander's life well, Harry of Mon-
roouth's life is come after it indifferent well ; for
there is figure* in all things. Alexander (God
knows, and you know), in his rages, and his furies,
and his wraths, and his cholers, and his moods, and
his displeasures, and his indignations, and also
being a little intoxicates in his prams, did, in his
ales and his angers, look you, kill his pest friend,
- Goir. Our king is not like him in that : he never
killed any of his friends.
Flu. It is not well done, mark you now, to take the tales out of my mouth, ere it is made and finished. I speak but in the Jigures and comparison* of it as Alexander killed his friend Clytus, being in his ales and his cups : so also Harry Monmouth, being in his right wits and his good judgments, turned away the fat knight with the great pelly- doublet: he was full of jests, and gipes, and knaveries, and mocks ; I have forgot his name.
Gow. Sir John Falstaff. ' Henry V.,' IV. vii.
In this passage Shakespeare refers to two figures described by Puttenham : to Sinonimia, or the figure of store, and to Paradigma, or resemblance by example. Thus Fluellen, referring to Alexander, says, "The pig, or the great, or the mighty, or the huge, or the magnanimous, are all one reckonings," and speaks of " his rages, and his furies, and his wraths, and his cholers, and his moods, and his displeasures, and his indignations "; and Puttenham, in describing this figure of store, says :
"Whensoever we multiply our speech by many words or clauses of one sence, the Greekes call it Sinonimia ; the Latines having no fitte term to give him called it by the name of event, for (said they) many words of one nature and sence, one of them doth expound another."
Fluellen, having multiplied his speech by many words of one sense, says the words are all of one reckonings ; and Puttenham, in the examples he gives of this figure, says the words are " all but one, and of one effect."
King. Then for the place where ; where, I mean, I did encounter that obscene and most preposterous event, that draweth from my snow-white pen the ebon-coloured ink, which here thou viewest, beholdest, surveyest, or seest. 'Love's Labour's Lost,' I. i.
The letter read by the king speaks of "that obscene and most preposterous event," and multiplies speech by using many words of one sense, " viewest, beholdest, surveyest, or -seest"; and Puttenham, speaking of the figure of store, says the "Latines, having no fitte term to give him, called it by the name of
event" Shakespeare frequently makes use of
this figure.
Paradigma, or resemblance by example, is thus described by Puttenham :
"If in matter of counsell or perswasion we will seeme to liken one case to another, such as passe ordinarily in men's affaires, and doe compare the past with the present, gathering probabilitie of like successe to come in the things wee have presently in hand : or if ye will draw the judgements prece- dent and authorized by antiquitie as veritable, and peradventure fayned and imagined for some pur- pose, into similitude or dissimilitude with our E resent actions and affaires, it is called resemblance y example : as if one should say thus, Alexander the Great in his expedition to Asia did thus, so did Hanniball coming into Spaine, so did Caesar in Egypt, therefore all great Captains and Generals ought to doe it."
Fluellen likens one case to another, and compares the past with the present, and makes a resemblance by example. He' makes a comparison between Macedon and Mon- mouth, between the Wye and " the other river," and between Alexander's life and Harry of Monmouth's life. Puttenham com- pares what Alexander did in his expedition to Asia with what Hannibal did coming into Spain and Csesar in Egypt, and Shakespeare compares what Alexander did to Clitus with what Harry of Monmouth did to Falstaff; and in making these comparisons Shakespeare and Puttenham both mention Alexander the Great. W. L. RUSHTON.
(To be continued.)
DR. EDMOND HALLEY. (See 9 th S. x. 361 ;
xi. 85, 205, 366, 463, 496; xii. 125, 185, 266.)
" Posterity has retained a grateful recollection of those princes who at different periods of history have distinguished their reign by a munificent patronage of learning and science ; but, among all those who have thus contributed indirectly to the progress of knowledge, there is none who exhibits such a bright example of disinterestedness and self-sacrificing zeal as the illustrious superin- tendent of the first edition of the 'Principia.' " Grant's * Hist, of Phys. Astronomy,' 31 (London, 1852).
One can only regret the abandonment of the project which was discussed, in 1887, between the Clarendon Press, Oxford, and an able author, looking to the publication of an adequate biography of Dr. Halley (cp. letter from the Clarendon Press, 25 July, 1887, prefixed to the Rev. S. J. Rigaud's * Defence of Halley' in the Bodleian Library). The compilation of a work of that character is a task which falls naturally to a resident in England, who, by virtue of such residence, has access directly to inedited material. It is not improbable (speaking with reason)
