422
NOTES AND QUERIES.
s. n. NOV. 26, '98.
lorix,' in Camden's ' Britannia,' 1695 edition,
p. 845). This is an exceedingly questionable
grant, however. Under Henry III. the
tenants by cornage in Cumberland were
bound (' Testa de Nevill,' p. 380) to march on
the king's command " in the army of Scot-
land, viz., in the vanguard in going, and in the
rearguard in returning." Under Edward II.
"la Marche de Solewathe" was claimed by
the lieges of Cumberland and Westmor-
land as the limit of their obligatory military
service (Bain's 'Calendar,' iii. 716). Seem-
ingly, then, if the tenure phrase about the
four seas had its beginning after 1157, when
Malcolm IV. ceded to Henry II. the city of
Carlisle, and the estuary became the definite
English boundary, there could be little doubt
where the waters of the desiderated "sea"
Mowed, although strictly the Solewathe was
not then reckoned a sea. But what if the
phrase was a tradition even in 1157 1 I shall
not be surprised if the expression should
prove untraceable so far back as the twelfth
century, to say nothing of the eleventh and
the Norman Conquest. This I say in spite
of the picturesquely impossible tale of the
puissant King Edgar's 3,600 strong ships
stationed in squadrons on the east, west, and
northern coasts an apparent recognition not
of four seas, but three and of his annual
circumnavigation of the island (Florence of
Worcester, year 975). Likely enough the
term may nave taken rise tenurially, as
definitive of the limits of feudal service, in
which case ordinary analogies would make it
of later birth than the feudal condition it
expressed. GEO. NEILSON.
Glasgow.
ROBERT ANDREWS, M.P. FOR WEOBLEY, 1646-53. He is one of the members of the Long Parliament whose identity has baffled all research to trace. He was elected in October, 1646, in the place of Arthur Jones, Viscount Ranelagh, disabled for Royalism, and managed to retain his seat, although not without difficulty, until Cromwell "put an end to their prating " in 1653. He was not an active member, although he certainly served on two important committees, being added to the Committee for Compounding in March, 1648, and that for Plundered Ministers in July, 1650. In Cromwell's three Parlia- ments he had no place, Weobley sending no members, but he was re-elected to that called by Richard Cromwell in 1659. The last trace of him is In February, 1662, when Francis Mansell petitioned the king for leave to re- sign to Robert Andrews his place of Customer Inward at Southampton, wnich through in-
disposition he was unable to fulfil, and the
petition was referred to the Lord Treasurer
(' Cal. State Papers '). I should be obliged to-
any correspondent who could say who this
member was and what became of him. It
has been thought that he was a brother to*
Theophilus Andrews, M.P. and Recorder of
Evesham in 1659, who died in 1670. Theophilus
Andrews bore similar arms to those of An-
drews of Redditch, Evesham, and Offenham, .
Worcestershire. He was admitted to Gray'a
Inn 7 Nov., 1644, as "of Offingham, Wor-
cester," but unfortunately the Admission
Register does not further indicate his
parentage. A pedigree of Andrews of Red-
ditch, Offenham, and London is given in the
Visitation of London, 1634, but does not
name Theophilus. The eldest son of Thomas
Andrews of Redditch, with whom the pedi-
gree commences, is called Robert, but is, I
fear, too early for the Weobley M.P.
W. D. PINK. Leigh, Lancashire.
KHARTUM. Built on a long, narrow strip of land formed by the junction of the Blue and White Nile, the town, from the configuration of its site, was called Khartum, a word that means "the elephant's trunk." If the first report as to the title to be assutned by the- Sirdar had been correct, this would surely have been the most singular appellation ever- borne by a British peer. ISAAC TAYLOR.
XERES. Canon Taylor tells us that the initial X in Xeres is a guttural, like the German ch, so it probably equates the Greek X, chi ; but see also the Semitic n, cheth ; thus Xeres = French Keresse (see ante, p. 256). In Hebrew we find kheres, "the sun," which varies to kheresh, "a smith," and Assyrian- khurasu for gold. All this may be compared* with the Sanskrit sur, "to rule," so sura, ptira,. sdrya, "the sun"; Greek Ktjpoo), Kvpios. The- comparisons are endless, but Sanskrit sur, a& above, is a duplicate of cMr, " to burn," so kheres = the scorcher, none the less the lord of day. Had Xeres a temple to the sun while Cadiz or Gades was still young 1
A. HALL.
13, Paternoster Row, E.G.
PLACE-NAMES IN " HEAD." (See ante, p. 285.) In addition to the examples given by your correspondent as derived from hqfod and heved, there are others in which " head " is manifestly from hida. Here in Somerset we have Nynehead - Flory, Fivehead, and Fitzhead. Nynehead explains itself. Five- head is Fihida in Domesday, while the latter is described in a charter of Edward the Con-
